Blockchain membership
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Blockchain membership
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Content:
- Why become a member of BlockchainNZ?
- Membership for Technology & Blockchain Professionals
- Trust, the real innovation behind Blockchain?
- Blockchain Opportunities Beyond Crypto Assets
- NFT for Membership Organizations - A Blockchain Think Piece
- Council Membership
- Toomey Requests Feedback on Clarifying Laws Around Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Technologies
- What Boards Needs To Know About Blockchain
- EBA Membership
Why become a member of BlockchainNZ?
Because Fabric is a permissioned network, blockchain participants need a way to prove their identity to the rest of the network in order to transact on the network. How is that chain of trust used by the blockchain network? Certificate Authorities issue identities by generating a public and private key which forms a key-pair that can be used to prove identity. Because a private key can never be shared publicly, a mechanism is required to enable that proof which is where the MSP comes in.
For example, a peer uses its private key to digitally sign, or endorse, a transaction. The private key is used to produce a signature on a transaction that only the corresponding public key, that is part of an MSP, can match. Recall from the credit card scenario in the Identity topic that the Certificate Authority is like a card provider — it dispenses many different types of verifiable identities. An MSP, on the other hand, determines which credit card providers are accepted at the store.
In this way, the MSP turns an identity the credit card into a role the ability to buy things at the store. This ability to turn verifiable identities into roles is fundamental to the way Fabric networks function, since it allows organizations, nodes, and channels the ability establish MSPs that determine who is allowed to do what at the organization, node, and channel level.
Identities are similar to your credit cards that are used to prove you can pay. The MSP is similar to the list of accepted credit cards. Consider a consortium of banks that operate a blockchain network. Each bank operates peer and ordering nodes, and the peers endorse transactions submitted to the network.
However, each bank would also have departments and account holders. The account holders would belong to each organization, but would not run nodes on the network. They would only interact with the system from their mobile or web application. So how does the network recognize and differentiate these identities?
MSPs are used to define the organizations that are trusted by the network members. MSPs are also the mechanism that provide members with a set of roles and permissions within the network. Because the MSPs defining these organizations are known to the members of a network, they can then be used to validate that network entities that attempt to perform actions are allowed to.
Finally, consider if you want to join an existing network, you need a way to turn your identity into something that is recognized by the network. The MSP is the mechanism that enables you to participate on a permissioned blockchain network. To transact on a Fabric network a member needs to:.
Despite its name, the Membership Service Provider does not actually provide anything. Rather, the implementation of the MSP requirement is a set of folders that are added to the configuration of the network and is used to define an organization both inwardly organizations decide who its admins are and outwardly by allowing other organizations to validate that entities have the authority to do what they are attempting to do. Whereas Certificate Authorities generate the certificates that represent identities, the MSP contains a list of permissioned identities.
The MSP identifies which Root CAs and Intermediate CAs are accepted to define the members of a trust domain by listing the identities of their members, or by identifying which CAs are authorized to issue valid identities for their members.
But the power of an MSP goes beyond simply listing who is a network participant or member of a channel. It is the MSP that turns an identity into a role by identifying specific privileges an actor has on a node or channel. Note that when a user is registered with a Fabric CA, a role of admin, peer, client, orderer, or member must be associated with the user.
In addition, an MSP can allow for the identification of a list of identities that have been revoked — as discussed in the Identity documentation — but we will talk about how that process also extends to an MSP. The key difference between local and channel MSPs is not how they function — both turn identities into roles — but their scope. Each MSP lists roles and permissions at a particular level of administration.
Local MSPs are defined for clients and for nodes peers and orderers. Local MSPs define the permissions for a node who are the peer admins who can operate the node, for example. The local MSPs of clients the account holders in the banking scenario above , allow the user to authenticate itself in its transactions as a member of a channel e. Every node must have a local MSP defined , as it defines who has administrative or participatory rights at that level peer admins will not necessarily be channel admins, and vice versa.
This allows for authenticating member messages outside the context of a channel and to define the permissions over a particular node who has the ability to install chaincode on a peer, for example. Note that one or more nodes can be owned by an organization. An MSP defines the organization admins. And the organization, the admin of the organization, the admin of the node, and the node itself should all have the same root of trust.
An orderer local MSP is also defined on the file system of the node and only applies to that node. Like peer nodes, orderers are also owned by a single organization and therefore have a single MSP to list the actors or nodes it trusts. In contrast, channel MSPs define administrative and participatory rights at the channel level. Peers and ordering nodes on an application channel share the same view of channel MSPs, and will therefore be able to correctly authenticate the channel participants.
Whereas local MSPs are represented as a folder structure on the file system, channel MSPs are described in a channel configuration. Channel MSPs identify who has authorities at a channel level.
The channel MSP defines the relationship between the identities of channel members which themselves are MSPs and the enforcement of channel level policies. Every organization participating in a channel must have an MSP defined for it. In fact, it is recommended that there is a one-to-one mapping between organizations and MSPs.
The MSP defines which members are empowered to act on behalf of the organization. This includes configuration of the MSP itself as well as approving administrative tasks that the organization has role, such as adding new members to a channel. If all network members were part of a single organization or MSP, data privacy is sacrificed. Multiple organizations facilitate privacy by segregating ledger data to only channel members.
If more granularity is required within an organization, the organization can be further divided into organizational units OUs which we describe in more detail later in this topic. An ordering service will likely include ordering nodes from multiple organizations and collectively these organizations run the ordering service, most importantly managing the consortium of organizations and the default policies that are inherited by the application channels.
Local MSPs are only defined on the file system of the node or user to which they apply. Therefore, physically and logically there is only one local MSP per node. However, as channel MSPs are available to all nodes in the channel, they are logically defined once in the channel configuration.
However, a channel MSP is also instantiated on the file system of every node in the channel and kept synchronized via consensus. So while there is a copy of each channel MSP on the local file system of every node, logically a channel MSP resides on and is maintained by the channel or the network.
The MSPs for the peer and orderer are local, whereas the MSPs for a channel including the network configuration channel, also known as the system channel are global, shared across all participants of that channel.
It is important to note that these are administration identities, reflecting who can administer these components. MSP does exist in the network definition. An organization is a logical managed group of members. This can be something as big as a multinational corporation or a small as a flower shop. The MSP allows an identity to be linked to an organization. Note that this is different from the organization concept defined in an X. In some cases an organization may require multiple membership groups — for example, where channels are used to perform very different business functions between organizations.
In these cases it makes sense to have multiple MSPs and name them accordingly, e. An organization can also be divided into multiple organizational units , each of which has a certain set of responsibilities, also referred to as affiliations. Think of an OU as a department inside an organization. When a CA issues X. A benefit of using OUs like this is that these values can then be used in policy definitions in order to restrict access or in smart contracts for attribute-based access control.
Otherwise, separate MSPs would need to be created for each organization. Specifying OUs is optional. Additionally, there is a special kind of OU, sometimes referred to as a Node OU , that can be used to confer a role onto an identity. This is particularly useful when you want to restrict the members of an organization to the ones holding an identity signed by one of MSP designated CAs with a specific Node OU role in it.
Starting with Fabric v1. The new admins role means that you no longer have to explicitly place certs in the admincerts folder of the MSP directory. The ROLE attribute is identified as hf. See the following snippet from a signing certificate shows how the Roles and OUs are represented in the certificate.
The actual power a given identity has with respect to administering the system is determined by the policies that manage system resources. Finally, OUs could be used by different organizations in a consortium to distinguish each other. But in such cases, the different organizations have to use the same Root CAs and Intermediate CAs for their chain of trust, and assign the OU field to identify members of each organization.
When every organization has the same CA or chain of trust, this makes the system more centralized than what might be desirable and therefore deserves careful consideration on a blockchain network. This is the most important folder because it identifies the CAs from which all other certificates must be derived to be considered members of the corresponding organization to form the chain of trust.
In the latter case intermediate CAs can be used to represent organization subdivisions. Here you may find more information on best practices for MSP configuration. Notice, that it is possible to have a functioning network that does not have an Intermediate CA, in which case this folder would be empty.
Like the Root CA folder, this folder defines the CAs from which certificates must be issued to be considered members of the organization. In general, there should be one or more X. Note: Prior to Fabric v1. With Fabric v1. Instead, it is recommended that when the user is registered with the CA, that the admin role is used to designate the node administrator.
Then, the identity is recognized as an admin by the Node OU role value in their signcert. This key is used to sign data — for example to sign a transaction proposal response, as part of the endorsement phase.
This folder is mandatory for local MSPs, and must contain exactly one private key.
Membership for Technology & Blockchain Professionals
Now more than ever before, there has been an increased focus on how new technologies can improve existing business processes. Blockchain is one such technology. The unique capabilities of a blockchain can increase the transparency, record integrity, efficiency and effectiveness of transaction processing and recording. To date, the adoption of blockchain has largely been within the financial technology fintech industry, focused on transacting cryptoassets.
Trust, the real innovation behind Blockchain?
By Anna Irrera. NEW YORK Reuters - More than 15 members of blockchain consortium Hyperledger have either cut their financial support for the project or quit the group over the past few months, according to documents seen by Reuters. Led by the Linux Foundation, Hyperledger was launched in to develop blockchain technology for businesses. Blockchain, which first emerged as the system powering cryptocurrency bitcoin, is a shared record of data that is maintained by a network of computers on the internet. CME Group and Deutsche Boerse were premier members of the group and will downgrade to a general membership. Blockchain consortium R3 has also decided to downgrade its premier membership next year, according to the documents. Deutsche Boerse declined to comment. This is normal and expected.
Blockchain Opportunities Beyond Crypto Assets
Blockchain Council is a group of Blockchain experts offering Blockchain Certifications and Training to Blockchain enthusiasts all over the globe. Blockchain technology is more than a technology which is emerging rapidly and has a vast scope in the future. Blockchain acts as a financial network, software, distributed ledger, etc. Blockchain council creates an environment and raises awareness among businesses, enterprises, developers, and society by educating them in the Blockchain space. We are a private de-facto organization working individually and proliferating Blockchain technology globally.
NFT for Membership Organizations - A Blockchain Think Piece
At its core, a NFT is a digital collectible that lives on a blockchain. The smart contract is one of the main keys in creating a network where people can transact and trade assets with varying degrees of value. So what is a NFT again? That was a lot of word vomit… again, very simply, a NFT is a digital asset that lives on a blockchain. It can be an image.
Council Membership
Gain knowledge about zero-knowledge proof with an animated video that highlights the mechanism and benefit of it. Learn how transactions are conducted on blockchain, including the sending and receiving of crypto assets, transaction fees, UTXO versus account models, throughput, and settlement. This CPE course will help you gain knowledge about zero-knowledge proof with an animated video that highlights the mechanism and benefit of it. Observe useful application of blockchain in various industries, such as supply chain, health care, digital identity, financial services, accounting and auditing, and tax. Save time with our group order form. We can help with group discounts. Call us at option 1 or email us at salessupport aicpa. The Association is dedicated to removing barriers to the accountancy profession and ensuring that all accountancy professionals and other members of the public with an interest in the profession or joining the profession, including those with disabilities, have access to the profession and the Association's website, educational materials, products, and services.
Toomey Requests Feedback on Clarifying Laws Around Cryptocurrency and Blockchain Technologies
Because Fabric is a permissioned network, blockchain participants need a way to prove their identity to the rest of the network in order to transact on the network. How is that chain of trust used by the blockchain network? Certificate Authorities issue identities by generating a public and private key which forms a key-pair that can be used to prove identity.
What Boards Needs To Know About Blockchain
RELATED VIDEO: Qué es \I recently attended an industry seminar where the concept of the Blockchain was explained. At the end of the session, walking out of the lecture room I heard one of the attendees say to a colleague "I'm still not sure what exactly Blockchain is Many of us know that Blockchain is a topic that is hot at the moment. It's a topic that is disruptive.
EBA Membership
Cryptocurrencies of all types make use of distributed ledger technology known as blockchain. Blockchains act as decentralized systems for recording and documenting transactions that take place involving a particular digital currency. Put simply, blockchain is a transaction ledger that maintains identical copies across each member computer within a network. The fact that the ledger is distributed across each part of the network helps to facilitate the security of the blockchain. While Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies grew intensely popular among the general financial and investment worlds in late and early , they have since become more of a niche area for cryptocurrency enthusiasts. However, blockchain technology remains a quickly-growing area of growth for companies across a host of industries.
Crurated has launched its membership-based wine delivery service that uses blockchain technology to ensure the authenticity of the product. In addition, the offering aims to connect wine enthusiasts with its producers. The concept was developed by founder Alfonso de Gaetano, who had previously worked for Google. Gaetano envisions creating a community for wine lovers to appreciate, learn, and discuss the product.
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Anyway.