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Content:

• DeFi Coins - Join the future of Algorithmic Crypto Trading Strategies
• Tough Decisions About End-of-Life Care
• The impact of blockchain technology on business models – a taxonomy and archetypal patterns
• Welcome to the City of Angels
• How many Satoshis make a Bitcoin?
• Belajar, Beli, Jual dan Investasi Bitcoin serta Aset Kripto dengan mudah dan aman.

WATCH RELATED VIDEO: What is Bitcoin Mining? (In Plain English)

DeFi Coins - Join the future of Algorithmic Crypto Trading Strategies

Advances in cybersecurity and new legislation promise to improve data protection. Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies provide novel opportunities for protecting user data through decentralized identity and other privacy mechanisms. These systems can allow users greater sovereignty through tools that enable them to own and control their own data.

Artificial intelligence provides further possibilities for enhancing system and user security, enriching data sets, and supporting improved analytical models. Advances in the Convergence of Blockchain and Artificial Intelligence. The amount of personal data being collected is rapidly proliferating. Enterprises and governments use this data to profile individuals and to predict and control their attitudes and behavior. This can result in customized experiences, personalized services, and more efficient use of resources.

It can also result in misinformation and exploitation by the entity that collected the data or by others that purchase or steal it. In response to increases in cybercrime and growing consumer concern, legislation to protect personal data is being proposed and implemented.

Organizations trading in personal data face increasing costs associated with managing and securing data. They also face increasing risks that data will be misused or stolen, and that they will face legal or financial consequences, as well as damage to both their reputation and to relationships with customers and other stakeholders. In this chapter, we explore how blockchain and artificial intelligence can offer solutions for protecting and securing personal data. Decentralized and federated identify systems provide users control over what, when and how much of their personal information can be shared and with whom.

These systems can also reduce cybersecurity threats. Artificial intelligence complements blockchain-based privacy solutions by enabling users to better manage their data and by ensuring that data and models derived from the data are more accurate, fair, and reliable.

A foundational privacy issue facing information system developers and users is personal data privacy. Personally-identifiable data about clients, employees, prospects and other stakeholders may be regularly collected and stored in shared ledgers. Today, many organizations store private stakeholder data and even passwords in unencrypted form. Even when data are encrypted or anonymized, it may be possible to identify users unless well-developed cybersecurity processes are designed into data management systems.

With frequent cybersecurity failures and increasing regulation, maintaining the privacy of personally identifiable information PII has become an issue of strategic concern for many organizations.

PII includes any data that can be traced back to a specific person, and can include individual items such as biometric data, social security numbers, phone numbers, or geolocation data. PII can also include data combinations, such as postal codes, birthdates, and gender, or behavioral data associated with one person. Organizations gather and store personal data about current and future customers and employees as well as about other stakeholders.

Cybersecurity has become increasingly important for governments and businesses alike. Information security—one component of cybersecurity—focuses on protecting the integrity and privacy of data as it is captured, stored and used. The people, processes, and technology associated with data work in concert to create and maintain security. Despite advances in security protocols and software, privacy breaches are on the rise. Personal records of system users are regularly compromised, and millions of these records, including names, emails and passwords, have been subject to data breaches, in many cases even including addresses, birth dates and financial information [ 1 ].

These well documented breeches have had adverse consequences, including credit card fraud, and identity theft, which can have lasting negative effects on personal credit, often taking months, if not years, to remedy [ 2 ]. In , the credit reporting agency Equifax was subject to a cyberattack in which affected an estimated million consumers.

It is believed that Equifax was breached by Chinese state-sponsored hackers engaged in espionage [ 3 ]. The collective financial impact to individual victims is not known, nor is it known what security and strategic damage was incurred by the state, but these cases highlight the potential risk when PII are housed in a centralized data base. Most of the data gathered and stored are in the control of governments and corporations, which have gathered volumes of personal information that they are responsible for securing.

At the same time, these organizations may be monetizing these datasets, either by using them to improve their own operations and offerings or by selling them to third parties.

The volume of data generated and collected is increasing exponentially, enlarging the footprints of users. Data consolidators are able to link data elements across data sources and combine data in ways that were never anticipated by the parties that collected the information nor by the users that provided it.

Figure 1 , which uses from data provided by Statista [ 4 ], shows the cost of amassing these large databases. Statista, a statistical research firm, tracks cybersecurity failures and trends. A recently published Statista report reveals that these events are increasing, especially in the past five years, underscoring the need to improve how data are secured.

It should be noted that in a massive cyber breach by what is thought to be Russia could result in higher numbers for especially in the records exposed category as it is thought to be significant.

The extent of the breach is still under investigation at the time of this publication. Cybersecurity breaches and record exposure. The right to privacy is a considered to be basic human right in many parts of the world. Regulations governing how personal data are gathered and managed are rapidly being developed. The law requires organizations, that gather personal data about EU citizens for transactions with EU member states, must carefully protect that data to ensure privacy.

The CCPR is designed to provide residents of California the right: to know what personal data is being collected. Although this bill has yet to pass, and previous federal privacy bills have failed, governmental bodies continue to pursue stricter laws for governing data [ 8 ]. Privacy laws directly affect how companies operate and will require firms that use consumer data to implement systems and operational practices that enable them to conform to these new regulations.

Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology are uniquely positioned to help companies comply with existing and potential future regulation as it relates to personal property and data privacy. Among the significant benefits of blockchain solutions is that they enable organizations to share data in ways not previously available, opening up possibilities for enhanced collaboration, improved operational efficiencies and expanded revenue.

Questions about how to maintain privacy over the data are heightened in these environments because the data are stored in shared ledgers which may be accessible by multiple blockchain participants.

Designers must carefully consider which parties are allowed to read and write transactions and how transactions are broadcast, validated, and stored. Additional issues relating to how permissions and security measures are updated and enforced are also important considerations. Decisions about who owns the data and how data can be used by organizations and computer applications further complicates privacy discussions [ 9 ]. Self-sovereign identity, a widely held view among blockchain proponents, holds that individuals should have control over their own identities and should have autonomy over how facets of identity are shared with others.

Decentralized identity DID is a blockchain-enabled embodiment of self-sovereign identity that can profoundly improve the privacy and security of personal data. DID refers to individual ownership of personal digital data relating to many elements of identity. Microsoft, which participates in defining DID standards, takes the perspective of the individual. Blockchain technology enables DID and provides a way for individuals to store their own data outside of the databases of the parties with whom they transact.

Data are owned and controlled by these individuals and pointers to this data or metadata can be stored on the blockchain and can be used to verify the validity of claims the users make about their personal data.

When an insurance company or other party wishes to verify that the user is licensed, the user can present the license to a party such as an insurance company, and the party can independently verify the issuer and expiration date. Anyone can create a DID. When this identity is first created, there is no information attached to it. The process that a third party might use to verify that a particular person owns a DID, is similar to the process of validating that a person owns an email address.

For example, an online gaming account can be attached to an email address. A party seeking to validate that a person was the owner of that account could send a private message, such as a security code, to the email address and ask the person to provide that code, something that only the person possessing the password for that email address could provide.

Unlike an email account, the DID would be owned and stored by a person rather than by an email service provider. The password, or private key, would also be secured by the owner. Personal information relating to the identity could be stored in an identity hub—an encrypted repository of personal data that is stored outside the blockchain, likely in a combination of phone, PC, and cloud data or offline storage devices [ 10 ]. Through the use of an identity hub, the person could control which pieces of information to share with an external party.

DIDs reduce the probability of unwanted correlation. The use of common identifiers—such as email addresses on different web sites—creates what is called a correlation problem. Email addresses utilize data on almost every website. When users provide the same email address on different sites—along with perhaps additional pieces of personal information like a phone number or physical address—they unknowingly enable a potential for correlation.

In this case, entities can correlate that data across sites. Figure 2 depicts how a user of several services and on-line websites can store data in a central user-controlled location and interact separately with each service provider. This enables the user to control the specific pieces of information that can be seen by each provider. Decentralized identities and service providers. DIDs can help users secure and control their data property and determine who gets access to that data.

Blockchains can also increase security for individuals when interacting with multiple internet platforms or services through the use of decentralized federated identities. Blockchains allow entities to protect privacy of individuals—central to self-sovereign identity.

Traditionally, users of a system or set of systems possess what is referred to as a federated identity, which can be described as a single identity used by individuals to access services or information platforms, provided by multiple parties, whereby a single identity is enabled and determined by single sign on SSO authentication. Consider a health care network that includes multiple entities like hospitals, insurance carriers, or urgent care clinics, where the providers enable the use of a single sign-on credential or digital federated identity to access all services.

This type of identity, which is typically stored and managed in a central location by a service provider, is prone to security vulnerabilities [ 11 ]. The distributed nature of Blockchain technology provides an opportunity for networks to enable single sign-on, or federated identities much more securely.

ElGayyar [ 11 ] proposes a blockchain-based federated identity framework BFID where the network of providers themselves, rather than a centralized third party, manage the system, identification, and authentication of the users. Any entity within the blockchain network can verify credentials and issue the identity for any user in the system.

In a BFID, all transactions are written and maintained within the blockchain where the system takes advantage of the secure and immutable nature of the distributed ledger, thereby practically eliminating the possibility for identity breaches and potential theft. Blockchain-based federated identity frameworks can be configured on both public and private blockchain implementations and make use of smart contracts to react to potential rule changes that may occur while governing identity management within the system.

Additionally, these frameworks enable users to audit and control how their identities are used while also providing the network business entities the ability to monitor how their services are being used, enabling process improvement and a better overall user experience.

Zero-knowledge proofs enable ease of access to identity and other important data while maintaining privacy and property control for individuals. A common example is a customer attempting to order an alcoholic beverage from a bartender who demands to know that the patron is 21 of age or older. Zero-knowledge proofs use cryptographic algorithms that enable a prover to mathematically demonstrate to a verifier that a statement is correct without revealing any data.

At the bar, you could type your nickname and license number into a hash generator, and if the resulting hash matched one on the list, the bartender would know that you were of legal age [ 12 ]. There are two types of zero knowledge proofs, interactive and non-interactive. Most commonly, zero knowledge protocols are interactive whereby the prover an individual or more likely a computer and the verifier participate in a back and forth set of questions or challenges that, when answered correctly a given number of times, enables the prover to convince the verifier, with very high probability, that the statement they are making is true.

An example of an interactive zero knowledge proof could involve two colored balls that are identical in every way accept their color. One is red and one green.

Tough Decisions About End-of-Life Care

To learn more about the metaverse, read our whitepaper as well as our frequently updated development roadmap which details all the exciting features coming this year. Upland was created and is operated by Uplandme, Inc. Upland also maintains a presence on Reddit , Facebook , and Telegram. For broader advice on game strategy, we encourage you to visit Upland.

The impact of blockchain technology on business models – a taxonomy and archetypal patterns

Blockchain technology enables new ways of organizing economic activities, reduces costs and time associated with intermediaries, and strengthens the trust in an ecosystem of actors. The impact of this seminal technology is reflected by an upcoming research stream and various firms that examine the potential uses of blockchain technology. While there are promising use cases of this new technology, research and practice are still in their infancy about altering existing and creating new business models. We develop a taxonomy of blockchain business models based on 99 blockchain ventures to explore the impact of blockchain technology on business models. As a result, we identify five archetypal patterns, which enhance our understanding of how blockchain technology affects existing and creates new business models. We propose to use these results to discover further patterns fueled by blockchain technology and illustrate how firms can use blockchain technology to innovate their business models. Blockchain is a contemporary technology with the potential to build a foundation for creating unprecedented business models Iansiti and Lakhani

Welcome to the City of Angels

PackagePortal rewards online shoppers with cryptocurrency for confirming their deliveries, and rating the experience. Shippers and Shoppers can provide value to one another while cultivating better service and honest data from their delivery partners. PackagePortal brings Web3 to e-commerce. Digital ownership and DeFi to your fingertips. Have more questions?

How many Satoshis make a Bitcoin?

Pascua-Lama, on the border of Chile and Argentina — Standing on a precipice 5, metres above sea level, the air is thin and the vistas are long. Just breathing is difficult at this altitude, with a howling wind disturbing the utter, majestic silence of the snow-capped Andes mountains, threatening to blow you over the edge. But what happens up here in Pascua-Lama, where Canadian mining giant Barrick Gold is developing the first open-pit gold mine to straddle two countries, will have a huge impact on the people living in the valleys below on both sides of the border — for better or for worse. After more than a decade of intense debate — often played out in front of the Canadian embassies in Santiago and Buenos Aires — the mine is set to open in , and to produce , ounces of gold a year, as well as vast amounts of copper and silver. Up to 10, people, many of them from the villages closest to the mine, will be employed during the construction phase and another 1, will operate the mine for at least the next 25 years. To the spinoff effects, add the myriad contributions the company is making in the name of corporate social responsibility — from schoolbooks and adult education programs to providing dentists and digging irrigation canals — and you can see why the Barrick logo has come to replace local government emblems on so many billboards and buses.

Belajar, Beli, Jual dan Investasi Bitcoin serta Aset Kripto dengan mudah dan aman.

Help us translate the latest version. The term 'Eth2' has been deprecated as we approach the merge. The 'consensus layer' encapsulates what was formerly known as 'Eth2. Shard chains should ship sometime in , depending on how quickly work progresses after the merge. The details of that are still being figured out.

This won't really do anything for availability or reducing scalper pricing. Miners are a sizeable proportion of sales but far from the majority. GPU prices won't actually change.

Advances in cybersecurity and new legislation promise to improve data protection. Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies provide novel opportunities for protecting user data through decentralized identity and other privacy mechanisms. These systems can allow users greater sovereignty through tools that enable them to own and control their own data. Artificial intelligence provides further possibilities for enhancing system and user security, enriching data sets, and supporting improved analytical models.

Self-referential Boltzmann machine is a self-motivated system. The official technical support directory for the Salad desktop application. Price :. Website 1. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. Add intent filters.

Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. Blockchain is a technology with unique combination of features such as decentralized structure, distributed notes and storage mechanism, consensus algorithm, smart contracting, and asymmetric encryption to ensure network security, transparency and visibility.