Api 2500 side chain blockchain
An apparatus in one embodiment comprises a processing platform having at least one processing device. The processing platform implements a trusted bridge configured for at least temporary coupling between one or more data sources and a smart contract program of a blockchain. The trusted bridge comprises a secure enclave component and a relay component. Data obtained from a given one of the data sources via the relay component of the trusted bridge is authenticated in the secure enclave component of the trusted bridge.
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Crypto Profile #1: Axie Infinity ($AXS)
Provable is the leading oracle service for smart contracts and blockchain applications, serving thousands of requests every day on platforms like Ethereum , Rootstock , R3 Corda , Hyperledger Fabric and EOS. In the blockchain space, an oracle is a party which provides data.
The need for such figure arise from the fact that blockchain applications, such as Bitcoin scripts and smart contracts cannot access and fetch directly the data they require: price feeds for assets and financial applications; weather-related information for peer-to-peer insurance; random number generation for gambling.
But to rely on a new trusted intermediary, the oracle in this case, it would be betraying the security and reduced-trust model of blockchain applications: which is what makes them interesting and useful in first place.
One solution is to accept data inputs from more than one untrusted or partially trusted party and then execute the data-dependent action only after a number of them have provided the same answer or an answer within some constrains. This type of system can be considered a decentralized oracle system.
Unfortunately, this approach has severe limitations:. The solution developed by Provable is instead to demonstrate that the data fetched from the original data-source is genuine and untampered. This is accomplished by accompanying the returned data together with a document called authenticity proof.
The authenticity proofs can build upon different technologies such as auditable virtual machines and Trusted Execution Environments. A more detailed overview of Provable authenticity proofs is provided in the Authenticity Proofs section of this documentation. Provable engine can be easily integrated with both private and public instances of different blockchain protocols. While building the service, the Provable team has realized that the concept of authenticity proofs has much broader applicability than initially envisioned.
For example, the Provable Random Data-source can be used even by traditional gambling applications to ensure users of continuous fairness of operation. Provable is integrated with a number of blockchain protocols and its service is useful and accessible also for non-blockchain applications. In the following section, general concepts which apply to all integrations will be explained. The Provable Engine powers the service for both blockchain-based and non-blockchain-based application.
Internally replicates an "If This Then That" logical model. This means that it will execute a given set of instructions if some other given conditions are met. For example, it could repeatedly verify a condition and only return data or perform an action when the condition has been met. This flexibility enables the engine to be leveraged in many different ways and contexts, even outside of the blockchain context.
A data source is a trusted provider of data. Provable currently offers the following types of native data sources:. The first parameter is the main argument and it is usually mandatory. Therefore, the query can also specify parsing helpers to be applied.
More details in the " Development Tools Test Query " section. Provable is designed to act as an untrusted intermediary. Optionally, a request to Provable can specify an authenticity proof. Not all proofs are compatible with all data source types. More details on the authenticity proofs can be found in the " Security Deep Dive " section. Certain contexts, such as smart contracts on public blockchains, might require a level of privacy to protect data from public scrutiny.
Developers can make encrypted Provable queries by encrypting an entire query or some of its arguments with the Provable public key. More information can be found in the Encrypted Queries section. Listed here are the data-sources you can choose from when using our oracle service. Please note that datasource selection is not case-sensitive. Note that if the second parameter is valid JSON, then it will be posted as such. This datasource expects as sole parameter the string which should be passed to WolframAlpha.
It will returns the result as a string. This datasource expects as sole parameter the IPFS multihash in the query. The computation datasource enables the auditable execution of an application or a script by leveraging a sandboxed Amazon Web Service virtual machine. The application has to print, on standard output, the result of the computation as the last line before it quits.
The result can be up to characters long. The execution context has to be described by a Dockerfile , where building and running it should start the main application straight away. Currently Provable only provides one type of auditable instance: a t2. The Dockerfile initialization and application execution should terminate as soon as possible, as the execution time is capped at 5 minutes.
Current Docker version used for computation ds is 1. The developer can send to Provable the application binary or the script, its dependency and the Dockerfile by creating an archive and uploading it to IPFS.
The query expects as first argument the IPFS multihash of that archive, while the following arguments will be passed to the execution environment as environmental variables, making them accessible by the application. The design described there prevents Provable from tampering with the random results coming from the Trusted Execution Environment TEE and protects the user from a number of attack vectors.
The authenticity proof, attached with the result, can be easily verified not just off-chain but even by any Solidity contract receiving them. The example presented here , showing how to integrate the verification process, discards any random result whose authenticity proofs don't pass the verification process.
The random datasource is leveraging the Ledger proof to prove that the origin of the generated randomness is really a secure Ledger device. Even though the decrypt datasource can be used as any other, it was specifically designed to be used within the nested datasource to enable partial query encryption.
The result is the decrypted query string. Please note that all the logic, limitations and tools provided by the Encryption feature apply here as well. The nested datasource is a meta datasource, it does not provide access to additional services. It was designed to provide some simple aggregation logic, enabling a single query to leverage sub-queries based on any available datasource and produce a single string as a result.
Please mind the square brackets delimiting the datasource name and the whitespace prefixing the actual sub-query. The sub-query content can optionally be delimited by either single or double quotes. Provable is integrated natively with the most widely used public blockchain protocols like the Ethereum, Bitcoin, Rootstock, EOS mainnets and testnets.
Provable is constantly studying new public blockchain protocols and considering further blockchain integrations.
Private, Ethereum-based chains can currently integrate with Provable by using the Ethereum-Bridge. Forks of Ethereum such as Monax included. More information on how to use the Ethereum-Bridge will become available in the development tools section or refer to this StackExchange answer describing how to use it alongside testrpc. Provable can already be used in most private chains, in case you were interested in using it in a context where it is not integrated yet please reach out to us.
The oraclize-lib enables the use of the Provable engine capabilities also in a non-blockchain context, by providing an abstraction layer which resolves to Provable HTTP API. The oraclize-lib is currently in an experimental stage. The following section is dedicated to the Ethereum and Provable integration. To better profit from this section of the documentation, previous knowledge of Solidity and Ethereum is required. The interaction between Provable and an Ethereum smart contract is asynchronous.
Any request for data is composed of two steps:. As said in previous sections, one of the fundamental characteristics of Provable is the capability of returning data to a smart contract together with one or more proofs of authenticity of the data. The generation of an authenticity proof is optional and it is a contract-wide setting which must be configured by the smart contract developer before the request for data is initiated.
Provable always recommends the use of authenticity proofs for production deployments. The most simple way to introduce the Ethereum - Provable integration, it is by showing a working example, such as the smart contract on the right.
The update process is initiated every time the function updatePrice is called. The example shows two important components of using Provable:. The code in the example is working out of the box if Remix is used to compile and deploy it on any of the Ethereum networks: main-net and the Ropsten, Kovan and Rinkeby testnets.
To ease development, Provable doesn't charge a contract for its first request of data done using the default gas parameters. Successive requests will require the contract to pay the Provable fee and the ether necessary to pay for the callback transaction. Both are automatically taken from the contract balance.
If the contract doesn't have enough funds in his balance, the request will fail and Provable won't return any data. A request for data is called query. The number and type of supported arguments depends from the data-source in use. Beside, few more code example will be shown and commented.
The datasource, as well as the authenticity proof chosen, determine the fee which the contract has to pay to Provable. The execution of a query can be scheduled in a future date. Please note that in order for the future timestamp to be accepted by Provable it must be within 60 days of the current UTC time in the case of the absolute timestamp choice, or in the case of a relative time elapse, the elapsed seconds must equate to no more than 60 days.
This can be useful for implementing periodic updates of some on-chain reference data, as with price feeds, or to periodically check for some off-chain conditions. The queryId identifies a specific query done to Provable and it is returned to the contract as a parameter of the callback transaction. This ensures that each query response is processed only once and helps avoid misuse of the smart contract logic.
Moreover, it protects the smart contract during blockchain reorganizations, as explained in the dedicated paragraph of this section. The miner fee for the callback transaction is taken from the contract balance when the query transaction is executed. If no settings are specified, Provable will use the default values of , gas and 20 GWei. This last value is on the higher-end of the pricing spectrum right now, but it helps having faster confirmation times during network-wide congestions.
The following is the ExampleContract modified to specify a custom gas price of 4 Gwei and a custom gas limit for the callback transaction. Authenticity proofs are at the core of Provable's oracle model. The authenticity proof can be either delivered directly to the smart contract or it can be saved, uploaded and stored on some alternate storage medium like IPFS.
To obtain the IPFS multihash, the bytes must be encoded to base
A peek into web3 power player Animoca Brands
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CTSI x iMe Integration
With a long and growing list of digital entertainment, blockchain and gaming properties, the eight-year-old, person Hong Kong-based outfit has quietly become one of the most active participants in a world that more and more stakeholders believe is the next iteration of the web. And the outfit, which got its start by developing games for smartphones and tablets, has invested in more than other outfits since bumping into the blockchain around It was as serendipitous as it sounds. For Animoca founder Yat Siu, it also appears to have been love at first sight. Animoca has been on an impressive tear since. Interestingly, Sequoia and the rest of the syndicate bought up publicly traded shares. Now it operates as an unlisted public company. That means it can communicate with shareholders via its own site and mailing lists, and that its roughly 2, shareholders can sell their shares privately to other individuals.
Blockchain startup dltledgers processes more than $3 billion in trade finance
If you were already using Radiator::Api then there is nothing to change. The other strategy for using this version of Radiator is to just switch away from classes like Radiator::FollowApi over to Radiator::Api also known as Radiator::CondenserApi instead. Then you don't have to update individual method calls. From a client perspective, WebSockets is great.
The Ultimate Zilliqa Review: Solving the Great Scalability Problem
Provable is the leading oracle service for smart contracts and blockchain applications, serving thousands of requests every day on platforms like Ethereum , Rootstock , R3 Corda , Hyperledger Fabric and EOS. In the blockchain space, an oracle is a party which provides data. The need for such figure arise from the fact that blockchain applications, such as Bitcoin scripts and smart contracts cannot access and fetch directly the data they require: price feeds for assets and financial applications; weather-related information for peer-to-peer insurance; random number generation for gambling. But to rely on a new trusted intermediary, the oracle in this case, it would be betraying the security and reduced-trust model of blockchain applications: which is what makes them interesting and useful in first place. One solution is to accept data inputs from more than one untrusted or partially trusted party and then execute the data-dependent action only after a number of them have provided the same answer or an answer within some constrains.
AUTHENTICATED DATA FEED FOR BLOCKCHAINS
Subscribe to Dero announcements by sending mail to lists dero. The fully distributed ledger processes transactions with a twelve-second average block time and is secure against majority hashrate attacks. DERO will be the first CryptoNote blockchain to have smart contracts on its native chain without any extra layers or secondary blockchains. Most of the crypto such as ring signatures have been studied by various researchers and are in production by number of projects. First, a bare bones bulletproofs was implemented, then implementations in development were studied Benedict Bunz,XMR, Dalek Bulletproofs and thus improving our own implementation. Some new improvements were discovered and implemented There are number of other improvements which are not explained here.
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Download the video from Internet Archive. Gensler discusses major trends in payment systems, lessons that can be learned from non-blockchain payment innovations, and the challenges and opportunities in current payment system architecture. The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Now that we've done a little of the basics, a little bit of the economics, and now it's some use cases through the lens of finance. And to say something about one, why I thought it'd be worthwhile to structure the course this way, and what I'm hoping we all get out of these next 10 or 11 lectures is that I thought that it was important after laying some foundation of what blockchain technology might or might not be, and cryptocurrencies, and of course, talking about the economics, is to use one field that's the most dominant field right now about potential blockchain technology use, which is finance. It's not the only area, but finance is completely reliant on ledgers. It's completely reliant on moving property rights around multiple parties.
Ethereum 2. Some of the changes that this upgrade is going to trigger are: The transition to Casper protocol Sharding Raiden state channels Plasma Raiden and Plasma are layer-2 protocols that allow Ethereum to conduct thousands of transactions off-chain in the form of state channels and side chains. Plasma, in particular, can theoretically allow a side chain to process thousands of transactions and commit just one single hash to the main Ethereum blockchain. While this sounds pretty amazing on paper, there is a significant problem here.
What charming idea