Civ mining pool

Four Great Inventions of Ancient China China held the world's leading position in many fields in the study of nature, from the 1st century before Christ to the 15th century, with the four great inventions having the greatest global significance. Papermaking, printing, gunpowder and the compass - the four great inventions of ancient China-are significant contributions of the Chinese nation to world civilization. Before its invention, words were written on various natural materials by ancient peoples-on grass stalks by the Egyptians, on earthen plates by the Mesopotamians, on tree leaves by the Indians, on sheepskin by the Europeans and strangest of all, even inscribed on bamboo or wooden strips, tortoise shells or shoulder blades of an ox by the early Chinese. Later, inspired by the process of silk reeling, the people in ancient China succeeded in first making a kind of paper called "bo" out of silk.

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Content:

• Miners Add First Blocks to Bitcoin Cash, Making Its Split from Bitcoin Official
• 13 Books You'll Read In Civ Summarized Into Tweets
• Civilization launches the world’s first 100% DEX crypto fund
• Tracking a Vanished Civilization in the Southwest
• Ancient Egypt: Civilization and Society
• Bitcoin Astronomy
• Opinion: Why is Decentralized Consensus Important in the Crypto World?
• Nuragic civilization

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Miners Add First Blocks to Bitcoin Cash, Making Its Split from Bitcoin Official

Ancient Egypt was one of the oldest and long-lasting civilizations in world history. This article covers its government, religion, society and culture. For a more in-depth coverage its history, go to the article, Ancient Egypt: History of a Civilization. Economy and Society. The civilization of Ancient Egypt is known for its stupendous achievements in a whole range of fields, including art and architecture, engineering, medicine and statecraft. Its great buildings on the banks of the River still strike awe into those who see them.

The civilization of Ancient Egypt was one of the earliest in world history. It is usually held to have begun around BCE, when the lower Nile Valley became unified under a single ruler. At this date the only other people in the world to have a literate, urban civilization were in Mesopotamia. As can be seen, as well as being one of the earliest, Ancient Egypt was one of the longest lasting civilizations in world history.

The great days of Ancient Egypt fell between c. Egypt was a leading Middle Eastern power again between and BCE, and the Macedonian conqueror Alexander the Great felt the need to have himself crowned as pharaoh in BCE — which suggests that the civilization of the pharaohs still had life in it. His general, Ptolemy, on becoming independent ruler of the country in BCE, was also crowned pharaoh, and his line lasted down to the famous queen, Cleopatra, who died in 31 BCE. Some may regard the civilization of Egypt under the Ptolemies as being more Greek than Egyptian, but the older civilization was still vital enough for the kings to feel the need to present themselves to their subjects in the traditional style of the pharaohs.

After that, the Nile Valley became a province of the Roman empire , and was ruled from outside its borders for nearly a thousand years. During this time its culture changed out of all recognition. Egypt is situated in the Nile Valley , in the north east of Africa.

Its origins lay in several chiefdoms in Upper Egypt, at Abydos and Hierakonpolis, which then spread northwards towards Memphis and the Mediterranean. By BCE, the unified kingdom of Egypt occupied the entire Nile Valley north of a series of rapids called the 1st Cataract the other cataracts lay in a chain stretching south along the River Nile into present-day Sudan.

At its greatest extent, in c. The life of Ancient Egypt centered around the river Nile and the fertile land along its banks. The farmers in the long, narrow Nile Valley developed irrigation methods to control the flow of the water, so that crops could grow through both its rainy and dry seasons.

The valley was fertile and rich, creating vast surpluses of crops that made possible incredible building projects such as the Pyramids and the temples of Luxor. The surpluses were also used to fund a refined lifestyle for the elite; to develop overseas trade and diplomacy; and to pay for wars of conquest.

The achievements of the civilization involved innovations in writing — hieroglyphics and demotic; in administration; in quarrying and surveying, maths and architecture; in irrigation and agricultural methods; as well as in developing some of the earliest ships. The Ancient Egyptian civilization produced the first government to rule an entire nation. The Sumerians , who were the only other people to have a literate and urban civilization by BCE, lived in small city-states, each numbering no more than a few tens of thousand people.

The unified kingdom of Egypt, on the other hand, covered an entire country thousands of square miles in size and with millions of inhabitants. The Pharaoh was the ruler of Ancient Egypt, both politically and religiously.

In Egyptian eyes, the pharaoh was a god himself, who stood between heaven and earth. His personal welfare and the welfare of the entire people were bound tightly together. Pharaoh was in charge of the army, and would go to war when his lands were threatened — demanding valuable gifts from the conquered people if victory was obtained.

Egypt was divided into nomes, which were administrative regions up to 42 of them , each governed by a nomarch. Pharaoh himself was surrounded in his palace by high officials, ministers and courtiers.

He represented the Pharaoh in the administration of the land, treasury and legal system. Temples were used as places of worship and also as granaries and treasuries where grain and goods were stored.

Soldiers of ancient Egyptian armies were armed with bows and arrows, spears, and round-topped shields made from stretched animal skin over wooden frames. Weapons and armor continued to improve after the adoption of bronze: shields were now made from solid wood with a bronze buckle, spears were tipped with a bronze point, and the bronze Khopesh — a hook shaped slashing weapon — was introduced.

In the New Kingdom, chariots became a standard part of the army. Pharaohs are often shown riding at the head of the army. Modern scholars tend to think this may be a propaganda device, as for a commander-in-chief to be fighting in the thick of the action alongside his troops would not necessarily have been the best place for him to be.

On occasion, however, he may well have done; many commanders in subsequent history have charged into battle in person when conditions called for this kind of example.

The prime duty of the army was to defend Egypt against foreign invasion. It was also at times deployed in conquering and occupying foreign possessions, in protecting mining expeditions to the Sinai and Nubia, and in garrisoning forts along important trade routes, especially in Nubia. The ancient Egyptians worshipped many gods and goddesses. These included Ra, the sun god; Isis, the goddess of nature and magic; Horus, the god of war; and Osiris, the god of the dead. The pantheon of gods and goddesses gradually changed over time, as new gods became more important, and some less so.

The rise and fall of gods and goddesses seems to have mirrored the political fortunes of the different temples and priesthoods. For example, when the rulers of Thebes became kings of all Egypt, and founded the New Kingdom, its local god Amun became the chief god, and was united with Ra to become Amun-Ra. Gods were worshipped in temples run by priests.

Only on occasions was the god brought out and shown to the public. Small domestic statues were used by normal Egyptians to worship the gods and goddesses in their own homes. Charms and amulets were worn for protection against the forces of evil. Egyptian religious beliefs about the afterlife also changed over time.

In early times, the afterlife seems to have been intimately connected to the preservation of the physical body by mummification. This always retained some force. However, the idea grew up that human beings are composed of both physical and spiritual aspects.

After death, the latter lived on. The great majority of the people were peasant farmers. Because of the fertile nature of the Nile Valley, they were able to produce the large surplus which sustained the refined lifestyle of the Pharaoh and his court, his officials, the priests and all the other members of the elite.

Peasants also provided the mass labour which built the pyramids and temples along the Nile Valley. Farming in Egypt was dependent completely on the Nile River. Just a few miles away from the river, on both sides, was bone dry desert. The flooding season lasted from June to September, depositing a layer of wonderfully fertile silt on the land beside the river. As much as the flood water as possible was stored in tanks and ponds.

After the flood waters had receded, the growing season lasted from October to February. Egypt receives very little rainfall, so farmers irrigated their fields with river water from the reservoirs, and from the river itself. Ditches and canals carried the water to the fields. Trade inside Egypt would have been greatly aided by the presence of the River Nile, and by the fact that no part of the country lay more than a few miles from this great waterway.

Until modern times, for anything longer than very small distances, water transport has always been much less expensive than land transport.

Numerous towns dotted the river bank, centers of local administration, and of local markets. Egypt has often been regarded as a civilization without cities. This is not true. Unlike the Sumerians, Egyptian cities were not independent states; however, there were numerous urban settlements in the Nile Valley, and Memphis was one of the largest cities in the world, if not at times the largest.

The Egyptians were ideally situated to take full advantage of this. Trading expeditions ranged far south into the present-day Sudan and the Red Sea in search of exotic goods such as ivory, gold, ostrich feathers and black slaves. Egypt is rich in mineral resources, and these were well exploited in ancient times. Limestone and granite quarries occurred along the Nile valley.

In the eastern desert was mined porphyry, alabaster, carnelian and emeralds. There were extensive gold mines in Nubia. Copper smelted from malachite ore mined in the Sinai. Iron deposits found in upper Egypt were utilized in the Late Period. Many of these minerals were to be found in distant, inhospitable locations in the eastern and the Sinai deserts.

They required large expeditions to get at them. These were organized by the government, and often had to be protected by troops. However, these natural resources allowed the ancient Egyptians to build monuments, sculpt statues of all sizes, manufacture metal tools and fashion jewelry. As in all societies of the ancient world, peasant farmers made up the bulk of the population. However, the land was owned by the Pharaoh, or by one of the temples, which were immensely wealthy, or by a noble family.

Peasants were also subject to a labour tax, and were at times required to work on public projects such as irrigation or construction works. Craftsmen seem to have had a higher status than farmers. Most of these probably worked for temples or the state. Scribes and officials were of high rank in ancient Egyptian society. Within this elite group were also priests, physicians and engineers; and from them were drawn the leading priests, ministers and courtiers.

At the very top was the royal family, below which was a powerful class of hereditary landowners nobles. Slavery was known in ancient Egypt, but its extent is unclear. Most slaves seem to have been used as domestic servants in wealthy households rather than as agricultural workers.

By law, slaves were able to buy and sell, like other people, or work their way to freedom. Women seem to have had a comparatively high status in Egyptian society. Like men, they could own and sell property, make contracts, marry and divorce, receive inheritance, and pursue legal disputes in court.

13 Books You'll Read In Civ Summarized Into Tweets

Each player takes a set of 7 wooden pieces in his or her color. Before the first game, you may decorate them with the stickers provided. The round markers are used to indicate four ratings of each player's civilization: culture production, science production, military strength, and happiness. The transparent cubes are blue, yellow, white, and red tokens. You will need a number of these in your play area:. Once everyone has set up their player boards, return the remaining tokens to the box, or keep them somewhere else out of reach.

Civilization launches the world’s first 100% DEX crypto fund

We all have games we love, but know deep down are actually bad. Here's the thing, though: sometimes 'bad' games are good. Here are some of the games TheGamer's editors have played over the years that we acknowledge have problems, but we love playing anyway. It's a tedious, repetitive, and gruelling third-person shooter that's so lean it's positively starving. All you do is shoot waves of enemies from behind cover for 10 hours. There are no interesting set-pieces or attempts to mix up the flow of the combat. It's a deeply unpleasant parade of non-stop misery, with some spectacularly uninspired level design, but I can't get enough of it.

Tracking a Vanished Civilization in the Southwest

Log in or Sign up. CivFanatics Forums. Joined: Sep 2, Messages: 1, Gender: Male. To my remembrance, there are 9 American civs: Aztec.

Ancient Egypt: Civilization and Society

Coin Introduction. In this article, we'll discuss information about the Civilization project and CIV token. The new idea of a Dex Fund is to be based on community and code. Civilization was inspired by the vision of the great Ryoshi, who envisioned and demonstrated the power of a fully decentralized community with Shiba. That original experiment evolved into a decentralized community with a clear upfront purpose — to disrupt traditional finance, and to create a source of income for the community which is external to the ecosystem itself. It may be a puzzling concept at first, but powerful nevertheless.

Bitcoin Astronomy

The concentration of workers in factories, mines, and mills facilitated the development of trade unions during the Industrial Revolution. After the initial decades of political hostility towards organized labor, skilled male workers emerged as the early beneficiaries of the labor movement. The rapid expansion of industrial society during the Industrial Revolution drew women, children, rural workers, and immigrants into the industrial work force in large numbers and in new roles. This pool of unskilled and semi-skilled labor spontaneously organized in fits and starts throughout the early phases of industrialization and would later be an important arena for the development of trade unions. Trade unions have sometimes been seen as successors to the guilds of medieval Europe, although the relationship between the two is disputed as the masters of the guilds employed workers apprentices and journeymen who were not allowed to organize. The concentration of labor in mills, factories, and mines facilitated the organization of workers to help advance the interests of working people. A union could demand better terms by withdrawing all labor and causing a consequent cessation of production. Employers had to decide between giving in to the union demands at a cost to themselves or suffering the cost of the lost production.

Opinion: Why is Decentralized Consensus Important in the Crypto World?

Ancient Egypt was one of the oldest and long-lasting civilizations in world history. This article covers its government, religion, society and culture. For a more in-depth coverage its history, go to the article, Ancient Egypt: History of a Civilization.

Nuragic civilization

Yes they had far reaching trade on the NA continent , but if the devs add 3 new NA peoples wich will more likely be only 2 added , the only real battles that one can fight as these civs are NA civ1 vs NA civ2 vs Spain. And that can get boring quite fast. Where if they add more Mezzo civs, even kingdoms that were slightly smaller than the NA ones, they will continue to broaden the veriety of battle that can be fought. The mayans were fully conquered only in the 17th century so pretty sure the NA tribes can fend off the serbians. To start: the Serbian Empire lasted 20 years so it isnt a very strong argument.

Because it was relatively isolated from the rest of Mexico until recently, the state developed its own unique culture. Trade activities agribusiness, textile and apparel production, furniture manufacturing, etc. During the pre-classic period B. Quintana Roo was considered to be the gateway to the Mayan world. Although the Toltecs mixed with the Mayans and other groups, their culture eventually dominated the area. When the post-classic Mayan period ended around , most cities were abandoned. Those that remained continued to engage in inter-city military conflicts.

By Crypto Advertising - 20 Aug The impact of this is likely to be felt well beyond the world of crypto. At the time of launch, CIV will have already reached several major milestones:.