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Available as a browser extension and as a mobile app, MetaMask equips you with a key vault, secure login, token wallet, and token exchange—everything you need to manage your digital assets. MetaMask provides the simplest yet most secure way to connect to blockchain-based applications. You are always in control when interacting on the new decentralized web. MetaMask generates passwords and keys on your device, so only you have access to your accounts and data. You always choose what to share and what to keep private.
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Content:
- Interactive charts
- Cardano Vies With Ethereum for Most Active Developers: Report
- The 3 most developed cryptocurrencies compared to Ethereum on GitHub
- 20 Blockchain Projects With the Most Dev Activity on Github — April, 2019
- The 10 Fastest-Growing Cryptocurrency Ecosystems In 2021
- What Bitcoin and Ethereum can teach GitHub following the Iranian user ban
- Build and Fund the Open Web Together
- Securely connect smart contracts with off-chain data and services
Interactive charts
One-click social logins via Facebook, Google, or GitHub are better, but they come with data privacy trade-offs. This article introduces a one-click, cryptographically-secure login flow using MetaMask, with all data stored on the app's own back-end. One-click social login functionality via Facebook, Google, or GitHub turns out to be a much more desirable alternative. However, it comes with a trade-off. This article introduces a new login method to blockchain development : A one-click, cryptographically-secure login flow using the MetaMask extension , with all data stored on our own back end.
If you manage to sign a precise piece of data generated by our back end, then the back end will consider you the owner of that public address.
Please note that while we will be using tools connected to the Ethereum blockchain MetaMask, Ethereum public addresses , this login process does not actually need the blockchain: It only needs its cryptography functions. That being said, with MetaMask becoming such a popular extension , now seems a good time to introduce this login flow. At its core, it serves as an Ethereum wallet: By installing it, you will get access to a unique Ethereum public address, with which you can start sending and receiving ether or tokens.
But MetaMask does something more than an Ethereum wallet. It does so by injecting a JavaScript library called web3. Once injected, a web3 object will be available via window. To have a look at what this object looks like, just type window.
When MetaMask is installed, any front-end code can get access to all these functions, and interact with the blockchain. Most functions in web3. However, some functions like web3. These functions trigger MetaMask to show a confirmation screen, to double-check that the user knows what she or he is signing. To make a simple test, paste the following line in the DevTools console:. This command means: Sign my message, converted from utf8 to hex, with the coinbase account i. A MetaMask popup will appear, and if you sign it, the signed message will be printed.
A final note about this section: MetaMask injects web3. However, in my opinion, MetaMask offers today the best UX and simplest transition for regular users to explore dapps.
As stated in the overview, we will forget about the blockchain. We have a traditional Web 2. We will make one assumption: That all users visiting our front-end web page have MetaMask installed. With this assumption, we will show how a passwordless cryptographically-secure login flow works. First of all, our User model needs to have two new required fields: publicAddress and nonce. Additionally, publicAddress needs to be unique.
The signup process will also slightly differ, as publicAddress will be a required field on signup, if the user wishes to use a MetaMask login. Rest assured, the user will never need to type their publicAddress manually, since it can be fetched via web3. For each user in the database, generate a random string in the nonce field. For example, nonce can be a big random integer. In our front-end JavaScript code, assuming MetaMask is present, we have access to window. We can therefore call web3.
When the user clicks on the login button, we fire an API call to the back end to retrieve the nonce associated with their public address. Of course, since this is an unauthenticated API call, the back end should be configured to only show public information including nonce on this route. Once the front end receives nonce in the response of the previous API call, it runs the following code:. This will prompt MetaMask to show a confirmation popup for signing the message.
When she or he accepts it, the callback function will be called with the signed message called signature as an argument. In particular it fetches the associated nonce. Having the nonce, the public address, and the signature, the back end can then cryptographically verify that the nonce has been correctly signed by the user. If this is the case, then the user has proven ownership of the public address, and we can consider her or him authenticated. A JWT or session identifier can then be returned to the front end.
To prevent the user from logging in again with the same signature in case it gets compromised , we make sure that the next time the same user wants to log in, she or he needs to sign a new nonce. This is achieved by generating another random nonce for this user and persisting it to the database. Authentication, by definition, is really only the proof of ownership of an account. To prevent the case where a hacker gets hold of one particular message and your signature of it but not your actual private key , we enforce the message to sign to be:.
We changed it after each successful login in our explanation, but a timestamp-based mechanism could also be imagined. I created a small demo app for the purpose of this article. I try to use as few libraries as I can. I hope the code is simple enough so that you can easily port it to other tech stacks. The whole project can be seen in this GitHub repository.
A demo is hosted here. Two fields are required: publicAddress and nonce. We initialize nonce as a random big number. This number should be changed after each successful login. I also added an optional username field here that the user would be able to change. To make it simple, I set the publicAddress field as lowercase. A more rigorous implementation would add a validation function to check that all addresses here are valid Ethereum addresses. Switching to the front-end code, when the user clicks on the login button, our handleClick handler does the following:.
Here, we are retrieving the MetaMask active account with web3. Then we check whether this publicAddress is already present or not on the back end. We either retrieve it, if the user already exists, or if not, we create a new account in the handleSignup method. We now have in our possession a user given by the back end be it retrieved or newly created.
In particular, we have their nonce and publicAddress. This is done in the handleSignMessage function. Do note that web3. We need to convert our UTFencoded string to hex format using web3. When the user has successfully signed the message, we move onto the handleAuthenticate method. This is the slightly more complicated part.
The first step is to retrieve from the database the user with said publicAddress ; there is only one because we defined publicAddress as a unique field in the database. The next block is the verification itself. There is some cryptography involved.
If you feel adventurous I recommend you reading more about elliptic curve signatures. To summarize this block, what it does is, given our msg containing the nonce and our signature , the ecrecover function outputs the public address used to sign the msg.
If it matches our publicAddress from the request body, then the user who made the request successfully proved their ownership of publicAddress. We consider them authenticated. On successful authentication, the back end generates a JWT and sends it back to the client. This is a classic authentication scheme, and the code for integrating JWT with your back end you can find in the repo.
The final step is to change the nonce, for security reasons. Somewhere after the successful authentication, add this code:. Of course, a MetaMask login flow can perfectly well be used in parallel with other traditional login methods.
A mapping needs to be done between each account and the public address es it holds. As we have seen, web3 is a prerequisite for this login flow. On desktop browsers, MetaMask injects it.
There are some standalone mobile browsers which inject web3 —basically MetaMask wrapped up in a browser. They are pretty early-stage as of this writing, but if you are interested, have a look at Cipher , Status , and Toshi. Basically, you would need to rebuild a simple Ethereum wallet yourself. This includes public address generation, seed word recovery, and secure private key storage, as well as web3. Fortunately, there are libraries to help you.
The crucial area to focus on is naturally security, as the app itself holds the private key. On desktop browsers, we delegated this task to MetaMask. So I would argue that the short answer is no, this login flow does not work on mobile today. Effort is being put in this direction, but the easy solution today remains a parallel traditional login method for mobile users.
We explained how a digital signature of a back end-generated random nonce can prove ownership of an account, and therefore provide authentication. Even though the target audience of such a login flow is still small today, I sincerely hope that some of you feel inspired to offer Login with MetaMask in your own web app, in parallel to traditional login flows—and I would love to hear about it if you do.
If you have any questions, feel free to get in touch in the comments below. Subscription implies consent to our privacy policy. Thank you!
Cardano Vies With Ethereum for Most Active Developers: Report
John Agbanusi is a passionate full stack developer, a developer at Meet Kumba and an active open source contributor to the free open source softwares. Trusted by Blockchain technology has been on the rise in the past ten years, and has brought a good number of products and platforms to life such as Chainalysis finance tech , Burstiq health-tech , Filament IoT , Opus music streaming and Ocular cybersecurity. From these examples, we can see that blockchain cuts across many products and use cases — making it very essential and useful. Ocular uses security that comes with blockchain for identity management for biometric systems, while Filament uses blockchain ledgers for real-time encrypted communication.
The 3 most developed cryptocurrencies compared to Ethereum on GitHub
Although this does not mean that the move to proof of stake is happening anytime soon, it is bringing the Ethereum network one step closer to the move from proof of work to proof of stake. Consensus researcher Mikhail Kalinin creating a pull request for the EIP on GitHub formalized the chain merge as an improvement proposal for the first time ever. The pull request was made on Thursday 22nd July Ethereum developers continue to work towards the merging of the Ethereum Mainnet with the already up and running Beacon Chain, which would mark the final step for the move to proof of stake. But according to the CEO, a couple of factors had contributed to the delay of the project. Firstly was that they had expected it to take a much shorter time than it would have. When the project was first proposed, the team had believed the move to proof of stake would only take a year. It turned out to be a project that would take at least six years to accomplish.
20 Blockchain Projects With the Most Dev Activity on Github — April, 2019
Cryptographic javascript-functions for ethereum and tutorials on how to use them together with web3js and solidity. Creating keys and use them for ethereum transactions. In this tutorial we will create an ethereum-identity and use it to send transactions to the blockchain. Sign and validate data with solidity. In this tutorial we will sign data in javascript and validate the signature inside of a smart-contract.
The 10 Fastest-Growing Cryptocurrency Ecosystems In 2021
Hyperledger Member companies are hiring. Hyperledger Foundation hosts a number of enterprise-grade blockchain software projects. The projects are conceived and built by the developer community for vendors, end user organizations, service providers, start-ups, academics and others to use to build and deploy blockchain networks or commercial solutions. The Hyperledger Foundation staff is part of a larger Linux Foundation team that has years of experience in providing program management services for open source projects. Provide a neutral, open community around enterprise blockchain supported by technical and business Governance.
What Bitcoin and Ethereum can teach GitHub following the Iranian user ban
You can tell a lot about the state of a project or application by the amount of activity it has on Github. State of the Dapps does a great job of harvesting data from Github, including commits, pushes, issues, and pull requests from open source projects representing the most notable platforms that support decentralized apps — including Ethereum, EOS, Steem, and xDai. Although this information is by no means a definitive picture of the blockchain ecosystem for countless reasons, the Github data illustrates some interesting trends regarding developer activity in the blockchain space in regards to open source projects. This suggests what many already know: that the vast majority of blockchain developer activity is on the Ethereum network. Below are the top 20 projects on State of the Dapps by developer activity over the past 30 day as of April 29th, …. Mobile Ethereum OS Status has long been a leader in the blockchain space, and recent activity on Github — with events in the past 30 days — suggests the sizable Status team is working hard to continue developing the iOS, Android, and desktop version of the Status app.
Build and Fund the Open Web Together
How many blockchain platforms are there? And which one serves the best for your project implementation? The need for forking in blockchain growing along with technology adaptation to the various business industries.
Securely connect smart contracts with off-chain data and services
GitHub, a San Francisco-based open-source code hosting provider, was prevented from providing sanctioned nations, including Iran and Syria, with access to their supposedly open-source services. These restrictions highlight the need for decentralized web utilities—like Bitcoin and Ethereum. Slack, another now-essential piece of productivity software, also blocked users from Iran on behest of the government. It is painful for me to hear how trade restrictions have hurt people. We have gone to great lengths to do no more than what is required by the law, but of course people are still affected. Specifically, repositories associated with open source projects and services for personal communications can still be accessed by everyone.
A new study of the global open-source platform, GitHub, offers key lessons on blockchain development—how projects have grown, what's likely to come next, and the implications for financial services firms. We cannot predict the exact trajectory and impact of blockchain technology. But we also should not ignore its early stages of development and successes along with failures. Figuring out how foundational technologies, such as the Internet or mobile, morph and grow is not easy. New technologies often attract a wide variety of developers, including many freelancers from around the world.
Spacemesh is for everyone. Our mission is to create a coin that rewards the many over the few. Smeshers are everywhere.
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