Blockchain africa tech summit ny

In the United States, cryptocurrencies have been the focus of much attention by both Federal and state governments. While there has been significant engagement by these agencies, little formal rulemaking has occurred. Many Federal agencies and policymakers have praised the technology as being an important part of the U. There have generally been two approaches to regulation at the state level. These states hope to leverage investment in the technology to stimulate local economies and improve public services. One example, Wyoming, has been mentioned as a state seeking a broader impact on its economy.

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• Blockchain & Cryptocurrency Laws and Regulations 2022 | USA
• Top 10 Trends Shaping M&A Activity
• Blockchain summit dubai events in Dubai, United Arab Emirates
• 2021 Blockchain & Cryptocurrency Events
• Blockchain for humanitarian action and development aid
• 2021 Black Blockchain Summit
• Business portal for young professionals
• SMART CONTRACT SUMMIT #1
• IT & Technology Events

WATCH RELATED VIDEO: The Empower Africa Tech Summit - 2021 (Full Event)

Blockchain & Cryptocurrency Laws and Regulations 2022 | USA

Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. Since blockchain was introduced through Bitcoin, research has been ongoing to extend its applications to non-financial use cases. Healthcare is one industry in which blockchain is expected to have significant impacts. Research in this area is relatively new but growing rapidly; so, health informatics researchers and practitioners are always struggling to keep pace with research progress in this area.

This paper reports on a systematic review of the ongoing research in the application of blockchain technology in healthcare. The research methodology is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis PRISMA guidelines and a systematic mapping study process, in which a well-designed search protocol is used to search four scientific databases, to identify, extract and analyze all relevant publications.

The review shows that a number of studies have proposed different use cases for the application of blockchain in healthcare; however, there is a lack of adequate prototype implementations and studies to characterize the effectiveness of these proposed use cases.

The review further highlights the state-of-the-art in the development of blockchain applications for healthcare, their limitations and the areas for future research. To this end, therefore, there is still the need for more research to better understand, characterize and evaluate the utility of blockchain in healthcare.

Blockchain gained popularity as a distributed ledger technology following the Bitcoin white paper published in October, [ 1 ]. As the underlying technology for Bitcoin, the main utility of blockchain is that it makes possible the exchange of electronic coins among participants in a distributed network without the need for a centralized, trusted third party. Transactions involving the exchange of electronic currencies between persons or companies have traditionally relied on a trusted third party TTP , such as a bank, as a mediator.

The reliance on a TTP is not desirable for a number of reasons. A trusted third party may malfunction, fail or be compromised maliciously to render the financial system unavailable or insecure; thus, a TTP undermines a system potentially as a single point of failure. A TTP also charges transaction fees and adds some transaction delays. The motivation behind Bitcoins is, therefore, to overcome these limitations associated with the reliance on TTP in electronic transactions.

A year after the publication of the famous white paper on Bitcoin, the Bitcoin cryptocurrency was implemented, with the code released as open-source, which made it possible for others to modify the code and improve on it to create different generations of blockchain-based technologies. The first implementations of blockchain-based cryptocurrencies, such as the Bitcoin, constitute the first generation of blockchain technology, which is also referred to as blockchain 1.

Other blockchain 1. The second generation of blockchain technology blockchain 2. The smart properties are those digital properties or assets whose ownership can be controlled by a blockchain-based platform, while the smart contracts are the software programs that encode the rules of how the smart properties are controlled and managed. Examples of blockchain 2. Building on the above, the third generation of blockchain technology blockchain 3.

To this end, efforts have been made to adapt the technology to other application areas, outside finance, so that other industries and use cases can benefit from the interesting features of blockchain. Consequently, blockchain is now considered as a general purpose technology [ 10 , 11 ] that has found applications in different industries and use cases, such as identity management, dispute resolution, contract management, supply chain management, insurance and healthcare, to name a few [ 10 , 12 ].

With the growing fascination for blockchain and its adoption in different organizations and industries, healthcare has come to represent a significant area where a number of use cases have been identified for the application of blockchain.

However, blockchain being a relatively new technology and with a lot of hype in the press as well as in grey publications in the form of opinion pieces, commentaries, blog posts, interviews, etc. Members of the research community and practitioners would want to understand the specific areas of application or use cases of blockchain in the healthcare industry; and of these identified use cases, what blockchain-based healthcare applications have been developed?

What are the challenges and limitations of the blockchain-based healthcare applications, how are these challenges currently being addressed and what are the areas for improvement? This paper reports on the systematic review that is conducted to address the above questions.

While there exist some interesting reviews in the literature that are related to this topic [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ], ours is different in terms of the methodology and the objectives. In the review conducted by Angraal et al. These companies are grouped under different healthcare use cases, namely; prescription drug fraud detection, patient-centered medical records and the dental industry.

This review is equally similar to the one conducted by Mettler [ 15 ] where he reports some examples of blockchain-based applications and companies in the areas of public health management, medical research and drug counterfeiting in the pharmaceutical industry. On their part, Ku et al. They go further to explain how these benefits can be harnessed to improve medical record management, enhance insurance claim processes, improve clinical research and advance healthcare data ledgers.

Lastly, Roman-Belmonte et al. Our approach departs from the ones adopted in the aforementioned reviews in that we follow the guidelines for systematic literature review and systematic mapping study process [ 18 , 19 ] and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis PRISMA statement [ 20 ] in conducting and reporting our review. Our systematic review is based on a well-designed research protocol that ensures a holistic and unbiased sampling of all the published peer-reviewed articles that are relevant to the subject matter.

Based on this protocol, we retrieve from reputable scientific databases the relevant articles which we classify and map into different categories to unravel the true state of the ongoing research in the application of blockchain technology in healthcare. The resulting map from our research will be very valuable to practitioners and researchers in understanding the domain state-of-the-art and the areas for future research.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first literature review on the application of blockchain in healthcare that follows the systematic mapping study process. The systematic review conducted by Yli-Huumo et al. The systematic review by Holbl et al. It is also worth noting that the objective of this review is not just to identify the use cases or the examples of blockchain-based applications in healthcare, but also to understand the limitations and challenges for the blockchain-based healthcare applications as well as the current trends in terms of the technical approaches, methodologies and concepts employed in developing these applications and in overcoming the limitations in a view to unravel the areas for future research.

Moreover, this review covers many new materials which had not been published at the time of the previous reviews. As noted earlier, the application of blockchain in healthcare is a relatively new paradigm which is growing rapidly, and as such, there are many new publications on the topic. To illustrate this point, 32 of the 65 selected papers for this study were published in whereas most of the existing reviews were published in or earlier.

The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 provides a brief technical overview of blockchain and its application in healthcare.

Section 3 describes the applied research methodology. Section 4 , Section 5 and Section 6 present the results, the discussion and the conclusion, respectively. The detailed technical underpinnings of the blockchain technology is outside the scope of this paper. However, for the purpose of our discussion going forward, it is important to shed light on some blockchain concepts, features and terminologies that will foster the understanding of how blockchain is applied to solve healthcare problems.

Perhaps, the most obvious and outstanding benefit of blockchain is the fact that it removes the need for a centralized trusted third party in distributed applications. By making it possible for two or more parties to carry out transactions in a distributed environment without a centralized authority, blockchain overcomes the problem of single point of failure which a central authority would otherwise introduce.

It also improves transaction speed, by removing the delay introduced by the central authority, and at the same time, it makes transactions cheaper since the transaction fees charged by the central authority is removed. In place of a central authority, blockchain uses a consensus mechanism to reconcile discrepancies between nodes in a distributed application.

The difference between centralized and decentralized systems is illustrated in Figure 1. Centralized vs. In a , there are multiple ledgers but all records are held in RHIO, whereas in b , there is only one ledger but every node has some level of access to that ledger.

The decentralized architecture removes the need for trusted third party, makes transactions faster, and removes the transaction fees charged by the trusted third party RHIO.

In essence, the RHIO maintains the state of the ledger. On the contrary, in Figure 1 b, there is only one ledger, but all the nodes have a copy of the ledger and some level of access to its contents. The different ways in which consensus is achieved in blockchain will be explained in the remaining part of this Section. At its very core, blockchain uses cryptographic primitives to derive most of its capabilities.

Participants in a blockchain network are represented as nodes and each node uses public key infrastructure PKI [ 23 ] to create and propose transactions. Each participant possesses a pair of public and private keys. The public key serves as the public address of the user while the private key is used to authenticate the user. When a transaction is created, it has to include the public key of the user who created the transaction, the public key of the receiver of the transaction and the transaction message.

When this is done, the user is said to have proposed a transaction. A block is a collection of valid transaction proposals that are received within a period of time, say 10 min [ 1 ]. A valid transaction proposal is one which satisfies the validation requirements.

The process of validation ensures that the proposed transaction is legitimate, for example, that it originates from an authorized user node. The consensus algorithm determines the order in which the validated blocks are appended to the ledger. There are special nodes in a blockchain network that are responsible for running the consensus algorithms i. These special nodes are called miners and the process of validating transactions and ordering them in the blockchain is referred to as mining.

Once a transaction proposal is received by a miner, the miner proceeds to check if the transaction is valid. Validated transactions are included into a block. After a period or block of time, the new block of validated transactions is linked or chained to the previous blocks, creating a chain of blocks, known as blockchain. The blockchain is replicated among all the nodes in the network, such that every node has an identical database or ledger of all the transactions in the network.

It is important to understand how blocks are chained to form the blockchain, but let us first explain the different types of blockchain. In some implementations of blockchain, e. This sort of blockchain implementation in which any node is free to join the network and to participate as a miner without requiring any authorization or access permission is referred to as public or permissionless blockchain.

In contrast, permissioned blockchain is one in which participants must be authorized and have the right access permissions before they can join and participate in the network. In permissioned blockchain, only certain nodes may be permitted to participate in the mining process. By virtue of their characteristics, permissioned blockchain networks are more likely to be smaller, faster and more secure than the public blockchain networks.

A permissioned blockchain may further be classified as a private or a consortium blockchain. The distinction between private and consortium blockchains is based on the number of nodes permitted to be miners. If only one node is permitted to be a miner, it is more aptly referred to as private blockchain. Note, however, that when only one node is the miner, then that node serves more or less as a central authority, in which case some of the advantages of decentralization is lost.

Consortium blockchain is one in which two or more nodes are permitted to take part in the mining process, yet the blockchain network remains permissioned, in the sense that only authorized users can be part of the network. The consortium blockchain, therefore, has the advantages of decentralization as well as the improved security and privacy inherent in the private blockchain. More information about the different types of blockchain public, permissioned: private and consortium can be found in [ 24 ].

Let us get back to how blocks are chained to form a blockchain. The chaining of blocks is achieved through another cryptographic primitive which involves the use of hash functions.

A hash function takes a message of arbitrary length and crunches it into a hash output of a fixed length, referred to as a message digest or a digital fingerprint. An interesting property of hash function is that it is collision-resistant, i.

Top 10 Trends Shaping M&A Activity

Blockchain technology and cryptocurrencies could remake global health financing and usher in an era global health equity and universal health coverage. We outline and provide examples for at least four important ways in which this potential disruption of traditional global health funding mechanisms could occur: universal access to financing through direct transactions without third parties; novel new multilateral financing mechanisms; increased security and reduced fraud and corruption; and the opportunity for open markets for healthcare data that drive discovery and innovation. We see these issues as a paramount to the delivery of healthcare worldwide and relevant for payers and providers of healthcare at state, national and global levels; for government and non-governmental organisations; and for global aid organisations, including the WHO, International Monetary Fund and World Bank Group. Cryptocurrencies could enable universal access to financing mechanisms by removing third-party financial intermediaries and offering transparent, secure and accountable means for global health financing. Blockchain technology could usher in a new era of multilateral financing mechanisms, for example, through the use of smart contracts for health system development.

Blockchain summit dubai events in Dubai, United Arab Emirates

Bitcoin Events Pty Ltd. The seventh conference in the acclaimed series, Blockchain Africa Conference is expected to attract attendees representing over 35 countries, including investors, startups, enthusiasts, developers, corporations, policy makers and regulators. The event is designed to provide an ecosystem for attendees from all backgrounds to learn, network and collaborate. A roster of 35 high-profile speakers will take the stage to explore how collective sentiment about blockchain technology continues to rise, particularly as tech and payment giants such as PayPal, Square and Facebook make significant investments in the space. With massive challenges relating to processing transactions and doing business in many regions of Africa, blockchain technology is expected to provide a simpler, more efficient way of facilitating the next generation of payment infrastructure across the region. Blockchain Africa Conference is an unparalleled opportunity for innovators, disruptors and thought leaders who want to learn, share knowledge and network with like-minded individuals. Registration for Blockchain Africa Conference is now open and available in multiple options — from live streaming tickets to startup passes and more. Both fiat and cryptocurrency payments are accepted.

2021 Blockchain & Cryptocurrency Events

Miami already has a lot going for it - the sunshine, the beach, the Cuban coffee. Now the city's mayor Francis Suarez wants to put it on the map for another reason: he wants to be the first to create a new way of raising money for the city - through a new cryptocurrency. MiamiCoin, an experiment he launched this year, could bring in so much revenue that there could be a future scenario where "Miamians would no longer need to pay municipal taxes," the Republican told the BBC. That is one aspiration, and beyond that, he hopes one day to be able to hand out MiamiCoin to every resident, as a kind of digital dividend. MiamiCoin is just one part of Mr Suarez's drive to establish Miami as a centre for cryptocurrency.

Blockchain for humanitarian action and development aid

Are you into crypto and blockchain and looking to catch up with the latest trends in this industry? To help you out, we listed the blockchain events happening this year around the world and online. These events are your platform to learn, share knowledge and network with like-minded people. Do you know any other blockchain events worth listing above? Do not hesitate to share it with us in the comments below or via our contact form!

2021 Black Blockchain Summit

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Business portal for young professionals

Targeting the attendance of 40, local and international visitors, the conference will involve over speakers from 80 countries, as well as innovators and start-ups from around the world. Additionally, LEAP will tackle other topics, including healthcare technologies, to improve the quality of life and increase life expectancy, empowering humans through robots and technologies that enhance food and water security in the region. The conference will attract international investments into the Kingdom and accelerate digital transformation by developing and adopting the latest technologies and communications solutions, according to the chairman of the Saudi Federation for Cybersecurity, Faisal bin Saud Al-Khamisi. Bitcoin Association is the Switzerland-based global industry organization that works to advance business on the BSV blockchain.

SMART CONTRACT SUMMIT #1

RELATED VIDEO: Blockchain Africa 2021: Alex Mashinsky

Delving into topics such as the future of money within a future digital economy, CBDCs as a catalyst for the African Continental Free Trade Area and whether CBDCs could contribute to currency stability on the African continent, the conversation proved to be extremely timely and well received by attendees in light of the various ongoing digital currency experiments taking place by governments around the world. The media campaign also included ongoing outreach to crypto-friendly journalists. Bitcoin Events is the first events company to host world-class bitcoin and blockchain conferences in Africa. Founded in by two cryptocurrency and blockchain technology enthusiasts, Bitcoin Events has focused its mission around educating and informing people about the opportunities offered by digital currencies and blockchain technology.

IT & Technology Events

Blockchain for Food and Agriculture View all 4 Articles. The blockchain is a ledger of accounts and transactions that are written and stored by all participants. It promises a reliable source of truth about the state of farms, inventories and contracts in agriculture, where the collection of such information is often incredibly costly. The blockchain technology can track the provenance of food and thus helps create trustworthy food supply chains and build trust between producers and consumers. As a trusted way of storing data, it facilitates the use of data-driven technologies to make farming smarter.

Watch the video of the summit. The event was sponsored by Bidpoc , a provenance service provider specifically for the art industry, which uses verification technologies to link physical artworks to an immutable digital identity on the blockchain. With this in mind, it is worth reiterating exactly what this technology is.