Blockchain and video protection
Skip to Main Content. A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions. Blockchain-Based Management of Video Surveillance Systems Abstract: In this paper, we propose a video surveillance system based on blockchain system. The proposed system consists of a blockchain network with trusted internal managers.
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Blockchain and video protection
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Content:
- The best privacy online
- Blockchain-Enabled Intelligent Video Caching and Transcoding in Clustered MEC Networks
- Blockchain for Smart Cities: Applications for IoT and Video Surveillance Systems
- Acronis Notary: a new way to prove data authenticity via Blockchain
- Blockchain and crypto art for dummies
- KT to use blockchain fo video content protection
- Security Videos
- Archivio istituzionale della ricerca dell'Università degli Studi di Palermo
- Blockchain can help combat the threat of deepfakes. Here's how
- Bernstein is a simple web app
The best privacy online
In recent years, the number of smart devices has exploded, leading to an unprecedented increase in demand for video live and video-on-demand VoD services. Also, the privacy of video providers and requesters and the security of requested video data are much more threatened.
Furthermore, we chose a scheme based on deep reinforcement learning DRL to intelligently access the intracluster joint caching and transcoding decisions.
Then, the joint video caching and transcoding decision smart contract is specially designed to automatically manage the transaction process of the joint caching and transcoding service, which records key information of joint caching and transcoding transactions and payment information on a continuous blockchain.
The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed Bl-CMEC framework not only can provide users with better QoE performance for video streaming service but also can ensure the security, integrity, and consistency for the video providers, video requesters, and video data. People are becoming more and more dependent on network services, especially during the period of COVID pandemic, many activities and works are carried out on the network.
Furthermore, the most important network service is the video streaming service. In recent years, because the number of smart devices has exploded, there is an increasing demand for video live and video-on-demand VoD services. In order to solve this issue, the proposal of mobile edge computing MEC has brought new opportunities for the optimization of wireless video transmission [ 2 — 7 ]. Utilizing the communication, caching, computing, and control 4C capabilities of edge devices, it could provide proactive video caching, transcoding, and distribution services at the network edge in the mobile networks.
Also, it could reduce the burden of the backbone network and improve the video quality of experience for requested users. For example, the smart device users with better network always ask for high QoE videos, while the smart device users with poor network generally prefer the videos with appropriate QoE. To reduce the computational load of the cloud center and transmission cost at different formats and versions of videos in the backbone network, the Content Distribution Network CDN is proposed which may only push a certain format and version of the video stream to the network edge and requires intelligent transcoding and distribution for tasks, as well as adaptive allocation of network resources.
Especially, the cooperative transcoding decision and task assignment are needed to decide which edge nodes carry out cooperative transcoding and what kind of transcoding task is assigned to each node. The influencing factors of video transcoding and caching decisions include video content popularity, user demand and distribution, the capabilities of each edge node, and bandwidth resources between nodes.
Because of this issue, adaptive bitrate streaming ABR [ 8 ] has been widely proposed to improve the QoE of video data which serve for smart device users in the Internet. In addition, the blockchain has developed rapidly in recent years, which is a new fashion application mode. Its core content includes P2P transmission, encryption algorithm, distributed data storage, and consensus mechanism [ 9 , 10 ], and the consensus mechanism is the most important content in blockchain.
Blockchain has acted as a very effective distributed management framework which has been widely used in many fields. Through the blockchain module integrated under the framework of MEC, the data resource security protection and monitoring can be realized for the processing of video data at network edge. The experiments on comparison of QoE and bandwidth cost between CMEC and other schemes have been performed in our own previous paper [ 11 ].
So, it can reduce the additional processing costs and backhaul consumption. Furthermore, the proposed blockchain-enabled CMEC-based video transmission model in this paper can seamlessly enable the blockchain scheme into our Clustered MEC network, connecting with the popular CDN video transmission system.
In the proposed scheme, the CDN tip and some edge nodes make the network edge area in the local network area. Then, the proposed model optimizes the entire network transmission of wireless video data by using the collaborative capabilities of edge cluster in communication, caching, computing, and control 4C. Specifically, the main contributions of this paper can be summarized as follows: i Blockchain-enabled CMEC-based video transmission model Bl-CMEC : a video transmission system framework model with incorporating blockchain technology is designed to actively cache popular video content in the CMEC system and realize transcoding function at network edge nodes.
This model is used to improve the allocation of video caching resources and computing resources in edge cluster nodes and also to optimize user QoE from the perspective of mobile users. The smart contract is specially designed to manage the transaction process of the joint caching and transcoding service, which records the joint caching and transcoding transaction and payment information on a continuous blockchain.
Furthermore, the smart contract can check the integrity of results returned from the network edge node to achieve adaptive video transmission optimization and make security protection of video data in a blockchain-enabled CMEC-based environment. The decision is to meet the best QoE needs of smart device users and obtain better video services.
This paper is organized as follows. Section 2 presents related work. The system model design is described in Section 3. Furthermore, Section 4 formulates the blockchain empowerment mode. Problem formation and intelligent video caching and transcoding scheme is introduced in Section 5.
The analysis of simulation experiments is given in Section 6. Lastly, the conclusions are given in Section 7. In recent years, the number of smart devices has exploded, leading to an unprecedented increase in demand for video live and VoD services. Also, the privacy of video providers and requesters and the security of requested video data are much more threatened in the mobile edge computing system.
Thus, the blockchain technology can help to enable the privacy of video providers and the security of requested video data. Through the distributed storage mechanism of the blockchain, the security of video information is improved, the collection of individual video data is realized through the personal ledger of blockchain, and the authorized use of video data is realized through asymmetric encryption and public and private key design in blockchain [ 12 — 15 ].
It is essential to introduce the blockchain into the adaptive video services in the mobile edge computing system. The integration of blockchain and MEC to solve the corresponding practical problems is currently a hot spot for many scholars, which is a very promising development direction [ 12 , 16 — 19 ].
On the one hand, MEC nodes in network edge can provide a low-latency, much more convenient and distributed computing offloading scheme for smart mobile devices with only limited resources. Edge computing devices have powerful computing and storage capabilities compared to general user mobile devices, while blockchain services require powerful computing capabilities. Therefore, MEC provides the possibility for mobile users to enjoy blockchain services. On the other hand, blockchain can be used as an auxiliary framework to manage the provision of mobile edge computing resources and turn the supply of edge computing resources into a blockchain application.
This not only enhances the security of MEC resources but also regulates the occupation and purchase of edge computing resources. Based on the literature on the combination of mobile edge computing and blockchain, the recent research mainly focuses on two aspects.
First, such research about security and privacy protection mainly lies in how to introduce the blockchain technology into MEC system to achieve the security and safety of cached content. Furthermore, MEC-enabled blockchain-based distributed video system architecture is used to solve the problem about the allocation of decentralized resource for video caching, transcoding, and delivery at blockchain-based video streaming system.
In the process of task offloading, the transmitted information is vulnerable to attacks, resulting in incomplete data. In view of this challenge, Xu et al. In BeCome, to ensure the data integrity, they introduced the blockchain technology into the edge computing scheme. To address the issues of data security and users privacy, Feng et al. Also, they developed a framework of cooperative computing sharing and resource allocation for the blockchain-enabled MEC-based network system.
Guo et al. In this method, blockchain is used to provide management and control function. Then, the problem acted as a joint optimization issue and deep reinforcement learning based methods are adopted to address this problem.
Because of the possession of very sensitive personal information, the vehicle may be unwilling to cache its content to an untrusted cache provider. Dai et al. Content caching in Mobile Cyber-Physical System also faces some security issues. To address these issues, Xu et al. Applying blockchain to MEC cache system mainly solves the safety problem of cache content, MEC severs, mobile equipment users, etc.
In terms of blockchain-enabled MEC-based systems, on the one hand, such research mainly lies in the use of blockchain technology to realize the privacy protection and security of cached content. On the other hand, blockchain technology can be adopted to solve data integrity issues in edge computing and to monitor the resources of edge computing devices.
In the blockchain-based video delivery network system, in order to meet the different needs of smart device users, a lot of computing resources are needed to transcoding them into different versions and formats for the heterogeneous quality and format of video streams.
To solve this problem, Liu et al. Some emerging video streaming platforms want to build cryptocurrency-based payment systems and p2p content distribution architectures by using the blockchain technology.
Liu et al. Furthermore, Zhang et al. By this incentive mechanism, the willingness of both MEC network cache nodes and D2D can be guaranteed by meeting their expected rewards for cache sharing. The existing offloading methods based on DRL always suffer from a slow convergence which is caused by the high-dimensional action spaces.
Qiu et al. This method is used to solve the computing offloading of data processing tasks and mining tasks in wireless blockchain networks. Effective computing diversion cannot be achieved in MEC with blockchain because mobile devices do not always have enough tokens to bear the cost of diversion services. Zhang et al. Such research mainly focuses on two aspects. The first aspect is to use mobile edge computing to solve the mining tasks and data processing tasks in the wireless blockchain network.
In addition, in the blockchain-based video system, it works to implement the distributed resource allocation issues for video transcoding and delivery. Because of the high dynamics of the MEC network system, the data security and privacy protection of network edge service providers are a major challenge. Blockchain technology can construct a decentralized and secure resource sharing scheme, while Artificial Intelligence AI can explore and solve issues with time-varying, uncertain and complex characteristics [ 32 — 36 ].
The blockchain technology and MEC system both have the same decentralized characteristics, making their combination natural. Motivated by recent research results, blockchain technology can be introduced into the MEC system to support many management and security services in mobile edge computing.
The DRL method can jointly solve the problems of cache content location decision, cache update strategy, and cache content delivery. Deep reinforcement learning is used to analyze and learn network information through deep learning, so as to use reinforcement learning to achieve resource scheduling. Based on the related work, applying blockchain to MEC cache system mainly addresses the safety threat of the cached content, MEC severs, mobile equipment users, etc.
In terms of blockchain-enabled MEC-based systems, such research only lies in the use of blockchain technology at the caching strategy, which realizes the security and privacy protection of the cached content. Furthermore, pursuing for the new distributed data management mode of computer technology, such as p2p transmission, distributed data storage, encryption algorithm, and consensus mechanism, the blockchain technology is integrated into the MEC environment architecture.
Also, a blockchain-enabled distributed video content caching and transcoding framework is proposed. In this framework, edge nodes perform video content caching and transcoding and the CDN tips maintain a licensed blockchain to ensure the integrity and accuracy of cached video data, leading to design the best video caching and transcoding scheme.
For convenience, the major notations used in this article are summarized in Table 1. To satisfy the requirements for video distribution across the entire network and maximize the role of edge computing nodes, it is necessary to perfectly integrate edge nodes with the existing wireless network environment and video transmission technology, fully cooperating with cloud center and user terminals [ 44 — 50 ].
At the same time, the blockchain technology can be integrated into the mobile edge computing environment. The blockchain can be used as an auxiliary framework to manage the provision of mobile edge computing resources and turn the supply of edge computing resources into a blockchain application. In Figure 1 , this paper intends to present a blockchain-enabled CMEC-based video transmission model. Also, the CDN tips and some mobile edge computing nodes make the mobile edge area.
Based on the CMEC model, the storage, computing, and communication capabilities in one cluster can be collaboratively used to optimize wireless video streaming transmission quality through the whole network.
In this system, the CDN tip is a central server directly connected to each edge cluster.
Blockchain-Enabled Intelligent Video Caching and Transcoding in Clustered MEC Networks
Our development experts build audio and video streaming platforms that feature blockchain-powered scalability, efficiency, security, transparency, and traceability. Create a blockchain solution to innovatively transform the delivery, consumption, and payment for streaming services and disrupt the competition. All-you-can-watch pricing means enforcing consumers to cobble several fragmented services to watch their favorite shows, which becomes expensive. With blockchain-enabled flexible micro-payments, facilitate flexible media distribution and monetization models.
Blockchain for Smart Cities: Applications for IoT and Video Surveillance Systems
Tempered electronic contents have multiplied in last few years, thanks to the emergence of sophisticated artificial intelligence AI algorithms. Deepfakes fake footage, photos, speech, and videos can be a frightening and destructive phenomenon that has the capacity to distort the facts and hamper reputation by presenting a fake reality. Evidence of ownership or authentication of digital material is crucial for combating the fabricated content influx we are facing today. Current solutions lack the capacity to track digital media's history and provenance. Due to the rise of misrepresentation created by technologies like deepfake, detection algorithms are required to verify the integrity of digital content. Many real-world scenarios have been claimed to benefit from blockchain's authentication capabilities. Despite the scattered efforts surrounding such remedies, relatively little research has been undertaken to discover where blockchain technology can be used to tackle the deepfake problem. Latest blockchain based innovations such as Smart Contract, Hyperledger fabric can play a vital role against the manipulation of digital content.
Acronis Notary: a new way to prove data authenticity via Blockchain
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Blockchain and crypto art for dummies
In the artistic world, the development of the Internet, while creating a tremendous way for artists to spread their work worldwide and gain in notoriety, created an environment very much in favor of online piracy, which right holders are still trying to circumvent. The development of new technologies made possible the transmission of unlawful high-quality copies of protected works to millions of individuals worldwide in a single click. But technology is also used in combination with the law so that the rights attached to each particular creation can be efficiently protected in the digital world. To give right holders a way to control the distribution of their work and to measure content usage, digital rights management DRM technologies have been developed. As early as , companies from the music industry and other sectors launched the Secure Digital Music Initiative SDMI with the goal to both protect the storage and distribution of digital music and protect the interest of consumers. Besides, companies like Microsoft started investing in the development of digital rights management technology.
KT to use blockchain fo video content protection
The spread of misinformation and fake news online has a dangerous impact on public well-being. Numbers Protocol , a Taipei, Taiwan-based startup is now commercializing its tech to make it more widely available. The app is available for download in the App Store and Google Play. While journalism, especially citizen journalism, is an obvious use case for Capture App, it also can be used by people who want to prove that they created images that are being shared online. Numbers will add more features to the app, including a video camera.
Security Videos
In recent years, the number of smart devices has exploded, leading to an unprecedented increase in demand for video live and video-on-demand VoD services. Also, the privacy of video providers and requesters and the security of requested video data are much more threatened. Furthermore, we chose a scheme based on deep reinforcement learning DRL to intelligently access the intracluster joint caching and transcoding decisions. Then, the joint video caching and transcoding decision smart contract is specially designed to automatically manage the transaction process of the joint caching and transcoding service, which records key information of joint caching and transcoding transactions and payment information on a continuous blockchain.
Archivio istituzionale della ricerca dell'Università degli Studi di Palermo
RELATED VIDEO: Blockchain In 7 Minutes - What Is Blockchain - Blockchain Explained-How Blockchain Works-SimplilearnBy Paresh Dave. Growing access to software for creating deepfakes, or synthetic videos that people struggle to distinguish as made up, has prompted lawmakers to demand high-tech solutions to separate fact from fiction, especially in high-stakes situations in politics and criminal justice. Body-cam video has emerged as crucial evidence of alleged police misconduct, prompting changes in law enforcement tactics globally. Civil liberties groups and defense lawyers have questioned the integrity of some police videos, citing noticeable edits to shorten a scene or adjust a timestamp. The company said it overcame battery life and convenience issues that prevented encryption from being standard earlier.
Blockchain can help combat the threat of deepfakes. Here's how
Skip to Main Content. A not-for-profit organization, IEEE is the world's largest technical professional organization dedicated to advancing technology for the benefit of humanity. Use of this web site signifies your agreement to the terms and conditions. The need to analyze multiple video-flows from different cameras deployed around the city by heterogeneous owners introduces vulnerabilities and privacy issues. Video frames, timestamps, and camera settings can be digitally manipulated by malicious users; the positions of cameras, their orientation and their mechanical settings can be physically manipulated. Digital and physical manipulations may have several effects, including the change of the observed scene and the potential violation of neighbors' privacy. To face these risks, we introduce BlockSee, a blockchain-based video surveillance system that jointly provides validation and immutability to camera settings and surveillance videos, making them readily available to authorized users in case of events.
Bernstein is a simple web app
If you have a rudimentary grasp of cryptocurrencies, the term blockchain may have flown under your radar once or twice. While the technology is mainly the throbbing heart of Bitcoin — serving as a distributed ledger mechanism — its possible other applications are plenty. The blockchain is on its way to revolutionize the internet as we know it, and solve some of its nagging problems like copyright and security. The chain design makes it impossible to tamper with its individual blocks — i.
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