Blockchain creative commons
This article belongs to the Glossary of decentralised technosocial systems , a special section of Internet Policy Review. Blockchain-based technologies can be understood as a distributed network of computers, ideally organised in a decentralised way, mutually agreeing on a common state while tolerating failures incl. In recent years, blockchain -based technologies have attracted the interest of a wide variety of actors and stimulated a large amount of academic research. The topic is increasingly part of academic and public debates. Unfortunately, there is neither a formal definition nor a common understanding of what blockchain-based technologies means, that is, what properties and technical features the term implies.
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Blockchain creative commons
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- Policy and regulatory challenges to deploying blockchain technologies
- Creative Commons France experiments with Ascribe to support copyleft through the Blockchain
- Learn about Bitcoin [6 of 20]
- Scalable Blockchain Protocol Based on Proof of Stake and Sharding
- Copyright and Creative Commons Licence (2/4)
- The Repository @ St. Cloud State
- Creative Commons, commercial use, and NFTs
Policy and regulatory challenges to deploying blockchain technologies
The promise of a technology delivering trust in trust-less environments, of immutability, security, traceability and transparency, has attracted many different industries to investigate blockchain as a tool to prevent fraud and corruption. Tech enthusiasts have been drivers of the exploration of possible applications for this database platform. Blockchain is a technology for creating databases with distributed governance.
It is the book-keeping ledger used for cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. The technology is also used to keep track of digital assets such as land-rights or provenance certificates and, in a few pilot projects, university diplomas and digital identities. The chain then breaks and must be re-calculated.
Blockchain records are therefore considered to be immutable. An identical copy of the complete ledger sits with each partner in a network. The majority of the network has to agree to new entries by a mathematical consensus mechanism.
This key is usually stored in a smartphone or web-app. The computational capacity needed to run a public, permissionless blockchain can be extremely power consuming.
The certificates are accessible via web or a smartphone and can be shared digitally. Employers are able to directly verify the authenticity of the digital certificate with the trusted issuer. In Slovenia, the EduCTX project aims to provide a solution for internationally recognised proof of competencies. However, scaling up the idea into an international standard remains a challenge.
The US-based National Student Clearinghouse and the IBM Learning Credentials Network LCN register are also tackling the question of digital certification, but taking into consideration that skills are not only acquired through a university degree, but as part of a life-long learning process.
However, the use of blockchain remains controversial. The ID public-private initiative aims to deliver this, via a self-sovereign ID residing on a blockchain. While many countries are adopting digital solutions for keeping personal records, blockchain does not always seem to be the preferred option. A survey released by the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers AACRAO in March shows that its members are moving away from paper-based certificates which are considered inefficient, costly and easy to falsify.
However, according to Ledger Insights , digitally signed pdf-files still seem to be the expected format for digital diplomas, besides edX transcripts from online education.
Similarly, while countries such as Estonia and India have developed a digital tie between personal ID and information about health, education, employment or taxation, neither of these systems use blockchain technology. Rather they use secure databases, interlinked with encrypted connections.
In Estonia the X-road ensures interoperability between the registers governing all aspects of the individual interaction with public entities, including digital voting. The state issued Estonian digital identity card is the key to enter the network, similar to the OnGrid platform in India, accessible with the Aadhaar digit personal ID number.
The Estonian ID is issued by a trusted entity, the government. We claim there is a fundamental difference between tracking impersonal assets, and person-related data. They are inseparable from a person, similar to a medical record. Secure access to digital proofs of competencies and trust in the institutions issuing them is a foundation for internationally accepted credits.
The question remains whether blockchain can deliver on the demand for trust within the educational sector or if we will see ethical concerns raising over privacy and fake credentials appearing on an immutable ledger. Read more at the U4 Topic page: Corruption and anti-corruption efforts in the education sector. Per is an independent writer on applied digital technology for humanitarianism, development, governance and anti-corruption. Social media data, satellite imagery, geographical information systems, and applied artificial intelligence are among his interests.
His thesis focused on the potential of crowdsourced civil society election monitoring as a tool to combat election fraud. His background is from journalism, advertising and higher design education — as a practitioner, educator, and in managerial roles. In recent years he has led digital humanitarian work during disasters and in democracy projects. Blockchain records are considered to be immutable. While countries such as Estonia and India have developed a digital tie between personal ID and information about health, education, employment or taxation, neither of these systems use blockchain technology.
By Per Aarvik Affiliated expert, Chr. Michelsen Institute. Topics Education. Public service delivery. Related Blockchain as an anti-corruption tool. Education sector corruption: How to assess it and ways to address it. About the author. Keywords blockchain, education sector, academic fraud.
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Creative Commons France experiments with Ascribe to support copyleft through the Blockchain
Venkata Ayyappa Devarasetty Follow. Blockchain, the foundation for Bitcoin, has gained lots of attention recently. Blockchain works as a distributed ledger technology that allows information exchange to take place in a distributed way, and ledger is immutable. Blockchain database removes the necessity of the centralized system; therefore, applications based on Blockchain are getting high in number. This paper covers an discuss in detail of blockchain technology, and its consensus algorithms along with workflow, how trust has will be upon a system having no centralized system. This paper also studies various frameworks being built upon the blockchain systems and how they are helpful in solving many organizational issues and Developing of an application on an existing blockchain framework which is an access based system, has information regarding academic records, certifications and eligibility requirement examination records belong to a person, who can share with any organization, eliminating the need of physical documents. Culminating Projects in Information Assurance.
Learn about Bitcoin [6 of 20]
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5. It reads:. All my podcasts have been produced under on CC license or another. In I created a podcast where the digital artwork and two pieces of music were created by one artist. There have been no issues until today when the artist listed the MP3 as an NFT as part of their larger body of work. The artist asked my opinion about selling it as an NFT and I said no, partly because the podcast contained other CC licensed tracks and because I created it, not them, even though it contained some of their derivative works. We have agreed that this NTF will remain minted ie. In short, NFTs are not related to copyright, and as CC licences are copyright licences, they may not interfere with potential uses of CC content.
Scalable Blockchain Protocol Based on Proof of Stake and Sharding
Figurines work on mining a Bitcoin. Image by Marco Verch. License: CC BY. Cite This Course. Don't show me this again.
Copyright and Creative Commons Licence (2/4)
Blockchain — a distributed and public database of transactions — has become a platform for decentralized applications. Despite its increasing popularity, blockchain technology faces a scalability problem: the throughput does not scale with the increasing network size. Thus, in this paper, we propose a scalable blockchain protocol to solve the scalability problem. The proposed method was designed based on a proof of stake PoS consensus protocol and a sharding protocol. Instead of transactions being processed by the whole network, the sharding protocol is employed to divide unconfirmed transactions into transaction shards and to divide the network into network shards. The network shards process the transaction shards in parallel to produce middle blocks.
The Repository @ St. Cloud State
Kirti Nayal, Rakesh D. Raut, Balkrishna E. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Antecedents for blockchain technology-enabled sustainable agriculture supply chain. N1 - This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4. N2 - Blockchain can solve the problems that the agriculture supply chain ASC is facing to achieve sustainable growth.
Creative Commons, commercial use, and NFTs
Here's a list of some of the high-profile bitcoin price calls that, if not negated altogether, are moving further into the realm of fantasy. The leader in news and information on cryptocurrency, digital assets and the future of money, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies. CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group , which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups. As part of their compensation, certain CoinDesk employees, including editorial employees, may receive exposure to DCG equity in the form of stock appreciation rights , which vest over a multi-year period.
Like many people on the internet, we here at Creative Commons have been thinking about NFTs , and the possibilities that unique digital assets might bring for artists and creators. In short, if a CC license makes it legally possible to create infinite copies of a work, and NFTs are designed specifically to provide something that cannot be copied, is it problematic for a CC-licensed work to be minted as an NFT? It seems no different to us than someone publishing their work under CC while also selling limited edition prints of it. A pair of posts on the Kluwer Copyright Blog does a good job laying out the big picture and points to several other resources that are helpful to read. The main question, as far as CC licensing is concerned, comes down to whether someone needs to either own or have a license to the copyright of a work in order to mint it as an NFT.
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Blockchain for the Global Commons View all 4 Articles. In recent years, the increasing need for global coordination has attracted interest in the governance of global-scale commons. In the current context, we observe how online applications are ubiquitous, and how emerging technologies enable new capabilities while reshaping sectors.
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