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WATCH RELATED VIDEO: 5 Top Crypto to Buy NOW in 2021 (Massive Potential!)

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A recent article [ 1 ] by a bitcoin advocate claims to refute the thesis that bitcoin is a ponzi. Presumably that "Article A" is the written appendix to a recent podcast of a debate between the author and myself [ 2 ].

This text is a point-by-point re-rebuttal to Article A, specifically. The reader may consider reading my own write-up, Bitcoin is a Ponzi "Article S" [ 3 ], which is a better organized explanation of that thesis.

In summary, Article A fails to refute the thesis that investing in bitcoin is a ponzi. In particular, it fails to address the main point of that claim: that bitcoin's money flow is exactly the same as that of a ponzi scheme, as depicted below:. The arrow in that diagram represents the net one-way flow of money from investors to miners.

The net total flow since is already 15 billion USD. Besides the investors, there isn't and there will never be any source of money that could return that money to them. Even if bitcoin promoters refuse to accept the label "ponzi", they cannot deny that diagram. How can anyone propose such a bottomless barrel as a "store of value" is beyond me.

Actually, a rebuttal of the "ponzi" thesis comprises only a part of Article A. A good part of its is devoted to implicit promotion bitcoin investment, with the same misleading and fallacious arguments that bitcoin promoters have been using for a decade. In particular, Article A insists that the flavor of bitcoin that is managed by the "Core" development team BTC is the only sound cryptocurrency -- a thesis known as "Bitcoin Maximalism".

Article A also spends a good many words to explain that bitcoin is absolutely, completely, totally different from Ripple's coin XRP , that has now been accused by the SEC of being an illegal security. That is: if something fits my definition of ponzi, it automatically fits SEC's definition too. It implies that this sentence is no longer part of the definition; it is just a description of what typically -- but not necessarily -- happened in previous ponzis.

As I discussed in my Article S, an explicit promise of profits is not a necessary condition. In fact, the most successful ponzis -- like Madoff's fund -- carefully avoid making such promises, because they are a dead giveaway. Instead, ponzi operators need only create the expectation of high profits in a sufficient number of victims. Which thousands of bitcoin promoters have been doing with great zeal and energy for the past 10 years or so.

Article A itself, while not explicitly advising people to invest in bitcoin, is unequivocally praising it, e. Unfortunately, millions of dollars are now being spent marketing bitcoin by the few large "whales", like MicroStrategy, that recently invested into it; and by the companies, like Fidelity and Grayscale, that did not invest but created custodial funds and various other mechanisms in order to profit from its investors.

Instead, they use it to pay those who invested earlier and may keep some for themselves. However, this sentence is in fact stating conditions 3, 4, and 5 of my definition -- which are fully satisfied by bitcoin investment. This guy does not have them therefore he is not a criminal. Indeed investors should be cautious, because no bitcoin market -- not even the "regulated" US exchanges like Coinbase and ItBit -- is subject to any of the regulations and monitoring that apply to other financial markets, such as stock exchanges and futures trading.

Years ago the SEC decided incorrectly, in my view that cryptocurrencies are not securities, and therefore outside of their concern except for certain ICOs and coins that are too obviously patterned after securities, like XRP.

As a result, there is no agency in the US that monitors or regulates the trading of cryptocurrencies, whether in open markets exchanges or the over-the-counter market through private brokers. FinCEN and other agencies regulate the US-based exchanges and brokers, but only their handling of customers' real money deposits, and their compliance with KYC requirements. The situation is similar in the many other countries that slavishly imitate the US in the regulation of their financial sectors.

As a result, cryptocurrency exchanges and brokers are free to use many practices that are highly lucrative for them but would be serious crimes in the securities markets. There is strong suspicion that the last type of fraud is occurring in a massive scale -- 21 billion USD so far -- by means of the Tether-issued pseudo-dollars USDT.

Indeed, it was this exposure to massive price manipulation that led the SEC to reject several proposals for bitcoin-based electronically-traded funds ETFs in the past.

This lack of any significant market regulation also made possible a kind of fraud that is unheard of in regulated securities markets: the sudden collapse of cryptocurrency exchanges, with loss of all coins in their customers' accounts. The list of such "exit scams" is too long to compile [ 5 ]. Therefore, investors should really heed Article A's advice: when considering whether to invest in bitcoin, they should use the same caution they would use before investing in tickets of a North Korea based lottery that does not publish either prizes or odds.

Until recently, the SEC had classified it as a cryptocurrency, and therefore outside its mandate. But then it changed its mind, and recognized it as a security -- which automatically made its creation a securities fraud. If you make a profit by trading unicorn oil pills that make hair and noses grow, the IRS would consider that a commodity and tax your gains accordingly. Bitcoin nicely fits the narrow definition of the SEC, and my even narrower one.

There is no need for a broader definition. Enron, Theranos, and OGX started as very legitimate companies, with the intention of generating real profits through productive activities. But, eventually, they became no better investments than thoroughly fraudulent enterprises like ZZZZ Best. No one is claiming that he did. In fact, he left the scene a few months after the coin became object of speculation.

And, again, a promise of returns is not a necessary feature of a ponzi. The challenge he believed to have solved was designing a payment system that was decentralized -- meaning that two parties could transact without having to trust some central third party. Satoshi was quite naive in economic matters, but he surely knew that another unproductive and unbacked investment instrument was something that the world absolutely did not need. A ponzi scheme does not depend on anything like a "pre-mine".

Most historic examples did not, including Ponzi's and Madoff's. Apparently, the goal of that section of Article A was not to refute the ponzi claim, but only to assert that bitcoin is better than other cryptocurrencies and especially XRP because "it did not have a pre-mine". But, again, that is a separate issue. Pyramids, lotteries, and multi-level marketing MLM schemes are transparent too.

Lotteries are supposed to be audited and verified, and the others could be too without spoiling their "business". Most Ponzi schemes rely on secrecy. This secrecy prevents the market from appropriately pricing the investment until the secret gets found out. Bitcoin, however, works on precisely the opposite set of principles A [relay node] can audit the entire blockchain and the entire money supply.

The blockchain shows only the movement of bitcoins between addresses. It does not give any clue about the transfer of money between investors and operators. Madoff could have published his fund's ledger, showing the share of the fund that each investor owned, and the full history of its changes, so that anyone could verify that the fund shares were correctly assigned.

It would have been more informative than the blockchain -- but would have made no difference to the ponzi's operation or success. Lotteries, pyramid schemes, and MLM schemes too have completely open mechanisms -- but are still scams.

Like bitcoin, they do not rely on lies, but on ignorance and obfuscation. Lotteries target "investors" who are unable to understand probabilities and the concept of "expected return", and are misled by seeing that some people become millionaires by playing. Pyramid and MLM schemes target those who cannot grasp the consequences of exponential growth of the member base.

And the bitcoin investment scam targets those who are unable to see its totally ponzi-like money flow, or understand its implications. The SEC definition does not require one. It is true that most previous ponzis indeed had a single well-identified "leader", who was also both the "creator" of the scheme and the "operator" who kept its ledger and pocketed a large slice of the invested money.

But that was an incidental feature, not an essential one. Others who have pointed out the ponzi-like nature of bitcoin investing have qualified it as "naturally occurring" or "decentralized" ponzi. Leaderless scams are not new. The original pyramid schemes were executed by mail, as "chain letters", without any involvement of the creators. In MLM schemes, the victims themselves do most of the promotion and recruiting, without direction or planning from the organizers -- who merely collect the contributions and dole out the rewards.

The important fact is that they take a good chunk of the investors' money, and will never give it back. Indeed, the utility of a payment network is more than proportional to the number of users. However, even its staunchest supporters now dismiss that use, insisting that bitcoin's goal is to be just a "store of value".

The corresponding concept in the realm of investments -- a large number of people investing in something because they see many other people doing the same -- is called a "bubble"; and, while it raises the market price, it does not add anything to the item's real value. Bitcoin's market is, almost by definition, dominated by "investors" who do not understand the basics of investing: who do not know why stocks or gold have value, who believe that national currencies are ponzis while bitcoin is "sound money", who think that past price history is an indication of future prices, and who cannot grasp the fact that the money flow of the bitcoin "investment" game is exactly that of a ponzi scam.

They cannot understand that the paper value of their coins is not real until they sell, and that their investment should be counted as loss until then. Many of those investors are convinced that the market price of bitcoin will "go to the moon" in some indeterminate future, and will continue to invest all their spare money, e. Through most of its history, bitcoin's market price has depended primarily on those clueless investors -- specifically, on their feeling about their future feeling about their future feeling The investors also include a number of criminals, who collect bitcoins for use in illegal payments, or as result of illegal activities like ransomware.

It also includes many scammers who recognize the ponzi nature of the game, but think that they can win at it, by exiting at the right time, and thus take many millions of dollars from the poor suckers above. If the market continues to recognize it as a useful savings and payment settlement technology " Even if bitcoin were a useful payment technology which it isn't , that usefulness would not translate into revenue for investors.

Unlike the revenue from services provided by companies, the fees collected by miners for processing payments are not shared with the holders of bitcoins. Unlike the consumption of commodities, the use of bitcoins for payments does not result in consumption removal from the market. Bitcoin's success -- like that of any ponzi, pyramid, or MLM scheme -- depends critically on perpetually increasing price, which both requires and drives continuous net investment. That is, investors must be continually spending more money acquiring bitcoins than they are receiving from its sale.

While there may be still space for the price to rise further, the game must eventually end -- and then all investors will realize that their net input of tens of billions of dollars were not "investment" but pure loss. It is a common misconception that the work done by the miners is somehow "stored" in the bitcoins themselves.

In fact, once some bitcoin amount is moved, all the work already spent by the miners is irrelevant: the security of those coins -- more precisely, of that transaction -- depends only on the amount of work spent by the miners after its confirmation.

A commodity must have producers, who supply it to the market, and consumers who take it permanently out of the market. Then the theory of markets applies, and says that the price will be the point where the producers' price x supply function intersects the consumers' price x demand function. Speculators or middlemen, who buy the commodity for re-sale rather than consumption, will modify those functions and hence change the price away from that "natural" value.

But these distortions are highly volatile, since they depend entirely on the feeling of the speculators about future prices. Bitcoin has producers the miners , but has no consumers: all coins that have been created are and forever will be conceptually in the market, even if they are stored in the private wallets of the "hodlers".

It follows that its "natural" price as a commodity is zero.



Firms and advisors grapple with crypto

Update: As of , GitLab has implemented CI minute quotas for public projects on new namespaces. Existing public projects and namespaces are not impacted. Update: As of , GitLab will require trial users created on or after to provide a valid credit or debit card number in order to use CI jobs hosted at GitLab. Prospective customers that are unable or unwilling to provide a card can reach out to sales for assistance. Recently, there has been a massive uptick in abuse of free pipeline minutes available on GitLab. In addition to the cost increases, the abuse creates intermittent performance issues for GitLab. To discourage and reduce abuse, starting May 17, , GitLab will require new free users to provide a valid credit or debit card number in order to use shared runners on GitLab.

Each of them may choose to purchase a unit of the cryptocurrency, which we call a token of the platform, in order to participate on the platform. We can.

Six ways to play the cryptocurrency craze through ETFs

The leader in news and information on cryptocurrency, digital assets and the future of money, CoinDesk is a media outlet that strives for the highest journalistic standards and abides by a strict set of editorial policies. CoinDesk is an independent operating subsidiary of Digital Currency Group , which invests in cryptocurrencies and blockchain startups. As part of their compensation, certain CoinDesk employees, including editorial employees, may receive exposure to DCG equity in the form of stock appreciation rights , which vest over a multi-year period. CoinDesk journalists are not allowed to purchase stock outright in DCG. Michael Bellusci. Michael Bellusci is CoinDesk's crypto payments reporter. By signing up, you will receive emails about CoinDesk product updates, events and marketing and you agree to our terms of services and privacy policy. That action is the largest crypto seizure ever by the U. The IRS said it could seize billions of dollars more linked to tax fraud and other crimes next year, according to a Bloomberg article. To further its efforts at combatting the illegal use of cryptocurrency, the CI plans to launch a collaboration and data center in Northern Virginia next year.


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best cryptocurrency to buy in 2021 ci

By Dale Roberts on January 28, But crypto is frighteningly volatile, and should be approached with clarity and caution. Here's what you need to know. How much is bitcoin worth? Should you invest in it?

The report, released Thursday, details statistics, important partnerships and significant criminal enforcement actions from IRS-CI, the criminal investigative arm of the IRS, for the past fiscal year, which began October 1, and ended September 30, Their work reinforces the backbone of our voluntary compliance tax system — a system that funds services and benefits for our nation, including defense, infrastructure and education," said IRS Commissioner Chuck Rettig.

Crypto miners are killing free CI

O is open to the possibility of accepting cryptocurrency as a form of payment in the future and is looking at ways to get non-fungible tokens NFTs on its platform, the company said on Monday. A growing number of companies have begun to accept virtual currencies as a form of payment, taking an asset class that had been shunned by major financial institutions a few years ago, a step closer to becoming mainstream. O last year started allowing customers to buy, sell and hold cryptocurrencies using its online wallets. We have no immediate plans, but it cryptocurrency is something we are keeping an eye on," eBay said in a statement to Reuters. EBay, which disappointed investors with a weak second-quarter profit forecast last week, said it was looking at a "number of ways" to get into the NFT space.


EBay says open to accepting to cryptocurrencies in future, exploring NFTs

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The Internal Revenue Service's (IRS) Criminal Investigation Unit (CI) unit seized $ billion in cryptocurrency during fiscal , which.

Top 10 Crypto Predictions in 2020 and 2021

Known as IC15, the index tracks and measures the performance of the top 15 widely traded liquid cryptocurrencies listed on leading crypto exchanges of the world. The IC15 index comprises a governance committee IGC that includes domain experts, industry practitioners as well as academicians. They will monitor, maintain and administer the index, including rebalancing the top 15 cryptos every quarter. Investors will become more aware of the cryptocurrency ecosystem.


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The jurisdiction offers a stable society and political system, judicial and legislative links to the United Kingdom, tax neutrality, sophisticated service providers, and a proportionate regulatory regime that focuses closely on the financial services industry, and in particular those catering to sophisticated and institutional investors based elsewhere. It is this reputation and these attributes that have helped the jurisdiction become an obvious choice for many of those proposing to establish fintech-related structures, whether it be in the form of a fund vehicle investing into digital assets, an exchange or initial coin or token offering, or the launch of a decentralised finance protocol or network. A specific date for implementation of phase two of the VASP Act has not yet been announced, but it is expected to be in the near term. The VASP Regulations include the registration application requirements and details of fees as well as providing some further guidance as to virtual asset issuances as discussed further below.

Steven Hatzakis.

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Bitcoin has been controversial since its beginning in , as have the subsequent cryptocurrencies that followed in its wake. While widely criticised for its volatility, its use in nefarious transactions and for the exorbitant use of electricity to mine it, Bitcoin is being seen by some, particularly in the developing world, as a safe harbour during economic storms. But as more people turn to cryptos as either an investment or a lifeline, these issues have manifested in an array of restrictions on their usage. The legal status of Bitcoin and other altcoins alternative coins to Bitcoin varies substantially from country to country, while in some, the relationship remains to be properly defined or is constantly changing. Some countries have placed limitations on the way Bitcoin can be used, with banks banning its customers from making cryptocurrency transactions.

Bitcoin ban: These are the countries where crypto is restricted or illegal

Highest Dividends in ? What you can expect, and the top income stocks to watch in our coverage universe. DIY Portfolios vs. Why paying for the digital art is pollutin Best Innovative Companies to Own: Edition These companies are expected to benefit from disruptive technologies.


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