2019 crypto valley conference on blockchain technology cvcbt
The emergence of Bitcoin, decentralized cryptocurrencies and the fundamental innovation blockchain have allowed for entities to trade and interact without a central trusted third party. This has led to a captivating research activity in multiple domains, across different venues, such as top security, distributed systems conferences, journals as well as a vibrant startup rush on this new technology. Case studies e. Hyperledger and permissionless e. Bitcoin blockchains Privacy and anonymity-enhancing technologies Proof-of-work, -stake, -burn, and virtual mining Real-world measurements and metrics Regulation and law enforcement Relation to other payment systems Scalability and scalable services for blockchain systems Security of Blockchain Protocols Smart Contract Programming Languages and VM's Transaction graph analysis Usability and user studies Where does a blockchain makes sense?
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Moreover, someprotocols require over-collateralization in anticipation of futureevents and malicious intentions of agents. We presentBalance,an application-agnostic system that reduces over-collateralizationwithout compromising protocol security. InBalance, maliciousagents receive no additional utility for cheating once their depositsare reduced.
At the same time, honest and rational agents increasetheir utilities for behaving honestly as their opportunity costs forthe locked-up deposits are reduced. Balanceis a round-basedmechanism in which agents need tocontinuouslyperform desiredactions. Balanceimproves social welfare givena distribution of honest, rational, and malicious agents.
Building trustless cross-blockchain trading protocols is challenging. Centralized exchanges thus remain the preferred route to execute transfers across blockchains. However, these services require trust and therefore undermine the very nature of the blockchains on which they operate.
To overcome this,several decentralized exchanges have recently emerged which offer support for atomic cross-chain swaps ACCS. ACCS enable the trustless exchange of cryptocurrencies across blockchains,and are the only known mechanism to do so. However, ACCS suffer significant limitations; they are slow, inefficient and costly,meaning that they are rarely used in practice.
Finally, XCLAIMis compatible with the majority of existing blockchains without modification, and enables several novel cryptocurrency applications, such as cross-chain payment channels and efficient multi-party swaps. Decentralised ledgers are a prime application case for consensus protocols. Changing sets of validators have to agree on a set of transactions in an asynchronous network and in the presence of Byzantine behaviour.
Major research efforts focus on creating consensus protocols under such conditions, with proof-of-stake PoS representing a promising candidate. PoS aims to reduce the waste of energy inherent to proof-of-work PoW consensus protocols. However, a significant challenge is to get PoS protocols "right", i. CBC Casper is a framework to define consensus protocols and aims to prove safety without loss of abstractness. Each member of the CBC Casper family of protocols is defined by five parameters. CBC Casper models the protocol by a state of each validator and messages sent by validators.
Each validator can transition its state using messages by other validators that include their current consensus value and a justification i. We extend CBC Casper in three ways. First, we summarise the research of CBC Casper and extend the definitions of safety and liveness properties.
Permission-less blockchains can realise trustless trust, albeit at the cost of limiting the complexity of computation tasks. To explain the implications for scalability, we have implemented a trust model for smart contracts, described as agents in an open multi-agent system.
Agent intentions are not necessarily known and autonomous agents have to be able to make decisions under risk. The ramifications of these general conditions for scalability are analysed for Ethereum and then generalised to other current and future platforms. Finally, mechanisms from the trust model are applied to a verifiable computation algorithm and implemented in the Ethereum blockchain. We show in experiments that the algorithm needs at most six semi-honest verifiers to detect false submission.
With a market capitalisation of over USD billion in just under ten years,public distributed ledgers have experienced significant adoption.
Apart fromnovel consensus mechanisms, their success is also accountable to smartcontracts. These programs allow distrusting parties to enter agreements thatare executed autonomously. However, implementation issues in smart contractscaused severe losses to the users of such contracts. Significant efforts aretaken to improve their security by introducing new programming languages andadvance verification methods. We provide a survey of those efforts in twoparts. First, we introduce several smart contract languages focussing onsecurity features.
To that end, we present an overview concerning paradigm,type, instruction set, semantics, and metering. Second, we examine verificationtools and methods for smart contract and distributed ledgers. Accordingly, weintroduce their verification approach, level of automation, coverage, andsupported languages. Last, we present future research directions includingformal semantics, verified compilers, and automated verification.
This data is extracted from the Web of Science and reproduced under a licence from Thomson Reuters. You may not copy or re-distribute this data in whole or in part without the written consent of the Science business of Thomson Reuters. Finally, XCLAIMis compatible with the majority of existing blockchains without modification, and enables several novel cryptocurrency applications, such as cross-chain payment channels and efficient multi-party swaps Abstract Publisher Web Link Open Access Link Cite Conference paper.
FC , Publisher: Springer Verlag, Pages: , ISSN: Permission-less blockchains can realise trustless trust, albeit at the cost of limiting the complexity of computation tasks.
Thomas Hardjono
Blockchain is one of the technologies that can support digital transformation in industries in many aspects. This sophisticated technology can provide a decentralized, transparent, and secure environment for organizations and businesses. This review article discusses the adoption of blockchain in the ports and shipping industry to support digital transformation. It also explores the integration of this technology into the current ports and shipping ecosystem. Besides, the study highlighted the situation of the supply chains management in ports and shipping domain as a case study in this field.
Ingolf Gunnar Anton Pernice
Blockchain is widely regarded as a breakthrough innovation that may have a profound impact on the economy and society, of a magnitude comparable to the effects of the introduction of the Internet itself. In essence, a blockchain is a decentralized peer-to-peer network with no central authority figure, which adds information to the distributed database by collectively validating the accuracy of data. Since each node of the network participates in the review and confirmation of the new information before being accepted, the need for a trustworthy intermediary is eliminated. However, as trust plays an essential role in affecting decisions when transacting with one another, it is important to understand which implications the decentralized nature of blockchain may have on individuals' sense of trust. In this contribution, we argue that the adoption of blockchain is not only a technological, but foremostly a psychological challenge, which crucially depends on the possibility of creating a trust management approach that matches the underlying distributed communication system. We first describe the decentralization technologies and possibilities they hold for the near future. Next, we discuss the psycho-social implications of the introduction of decentralized processes of trust, examining some potential scenarios, and outline a research agenda.
LOGOS, MYTHOS AND ETHOS OF BLOCKCHAIN: AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR ANTI-CORRUPTION
Abadi and M. Brunnermeier , Blockchain economics , Da-sapaev, M. Vasiliev, and.
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Recently, research in blockchain technology has grown in popularity. Most of these researches have pointed out designing and improving conceptual structures to create digital systems that are more secure, accessible, and effective. Although blockchain offers a wide range of advantages, it also has some pitfalls. This research aims to present an understanding of the properties of blockchain, the advantages, pitfalls, and applications based on blockchain technology. To achieve the goal of understanding blockchain technology concepts, a systematic literature review approach was introduced.
Kaihua Qin
Here is a link to our recent events in Davos. Here is a link to our new book from MIT press on building the future digital economy. For several years prior to this he was the Executive Director of the MIT Kerberos Consortium, helping make the Kerberos protocol to become the most ubiquitously deployed authentication protocol in world today. He has been at the forefront of several industry initiatives around identity, data privacy, trust, applied cryptography, and cybersecurity. May PDF. Decentralized Service Architecture of OAuth2.
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Try out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. Learn More. The enormous pressure of the increasing case numbers experienced during the COVID pandemic has given rise to a variety of novel digital systems designed to provide solutions to unprecedented challenges in public health. The field of algorithmic contact tracing, in particular, an area of research that had previously received limited attention, has moved into the spotlight as a crucial factor in containing the pandemic. The use of digital tools to enable more robust and expedited contact tracing and notification, while maintaining privacy and trust in the data generated, is viewed as key to identifying chains of transmission and close contacts, and, consequently, to enabling effective case investigations.
Cryptocurrency is the latest adventure of currencies that works by using the new edge technology called the blockchain. It has gained the notable attention of the people for the last several years across the world. Cryptocurrency is also globally known as digital currency or virtual currency, and it is a form of payment that can be used online for goods and services. Blockchain has captured the application of many in the financial industry, including those vigorous in the transaction, clearing, and settlement, with its promise of greater efficiency and higher resiliency. The Cryptocurrency has been adopted by using blockchain technology that raised eye-catching attention in the financial sector, government, stakeholders, and individuals as well. It can be anticipated that Cryptocurrency will be the future currency that will replace fiat money worldwide. Though it has been attracted the users' attention, the money of them worried about its future useability, drawbacks, and challenges.
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