Ouishare blockchain api

There is a pressing need to reimagine cities and how they operate in order to respond to the ecological and social challenges of our time. Cities hold the potential for the reinvention of the current linear economy paradigm to a Circular Economy, and the Fab City Prototypes project aims to accelerate this paradigm change, allowing consumers to become actors of the design, prototyping and production processes at the local scale, while sharing knowledge globally. We build on the premise that individual change is essential to catalyse a collective transition towards more sustainable lifestyles. The immediate outcome of the project will establish the necessary urban frameworks and lighthouses to guide policy makers to scale the results to metropolitan and bioregional levels. This will be fostered by partnerships with industry and local authorities.

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• Most popular
• Blockchain Startups and Projects in Alignment with the United Nations SDGs (Part 1)
• Community Groups
• Fab City Prototype: Designing and Making for the Real World
• The Seeds of The Commons: Peer-to-Peer Alternatives for Planetary Survival and Justice
• Francis Chlarie
• Bitcoin profit calculator Calculate taxes on ...

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Either your web browser doesn't support Javascript or it is currently turned off. In the latter case, please turn on Javascript support in your web browser and reload this page. Michel Bauwens 1 is the founder of the Foundation for Peer-to-Peer Alternatives 2 and works in collaboration with a global group of researchers in the exploration of peer production, governance, and property. He co-produced the 3-hour TV documentary TechnoCalyps with Frank Theys and co-edited the two-volume book on anthropology of digital society with Salvino Salvaggio.

He has written editorials for Al Jazeera English and other media outlets. In Michel was the research director of the governmental transition project towards the social knowledge economy in Ecuador. This article distils the main themes covered in our extensive discussions.

Michel Bauwens MB : P2P is a relational dynamic that allows any individual in the world to connect to any other individual through digital networking in order to self-organize or create new value streams.

P2P is not just about communications, it is about the capacity to organize beyond the physical level, and the open collaborative systems that allow such organization. We are no longer in a world of competing and closed entities; we now have ecosystems, where people can come in and out, and contribute or not.

Commons are a shared resource that is produced, maintained, and protected by a community or a group of stakeholders, using their own norms and regulations. MB: Before , I was working in Internet start-ups and web consultancies. My last job, for a large Telecom, involved futures forecasting and scenario planning. This was in the late s, the era of the globally networked anti-globalization movements, and the Zapatistas 5 who organized their international solidarity from the forest with their computers.

People such as Antonio Negri and others have started to write about P2P as an emerging relational dynamic. I was quite unhappy in the last years of my work. I could not be a Marxist like I was in my twenties, yet how could I change the world? I had the intuition that the P2P dynamic was equivalent to the printing revolution in the fifteenth century, not in a technologically determinist way, but in a more generic sense. The question I was seeking an answer to was: How will it change society and human relationships?

MB: In October , I took a 2-year sabbatical to study social transformations and historical phase transitions. How did the Roman economic system transform into feudalism? How did feudalism become capitalism?

These are, of course, traditional Marxist themes, but I wanted a fresh look. I arrived at the importance of seed forms — new patterns that carry a new social logic, that may create subsystems, that may develop into systems, and eventually become new social norms. For example, it took four centuries for capitalism to emerge from feudalism.

During this period people invented the printing press, purgatory, double-entry book accounting, and many other seed forms. MB: I do not dismiss revolutions, but I believe that seed forms come first. Also, revolutions can take many different forms and do not necessarily follow the Marxist image shaped by the French and the Russian revolutions. The UK had a religious civil war in the sixteenth century, Prussia was transformed by its military class… There are so many examples that do not fit with the Marxist narrative.

Revolutions are organic processes that cannot be anticipated. So, instead of trying to anticipate what cannot be anticipated, I find it more productive to focus on these new patterns or the seeds of new forms of civilisation. This work has gradually attracted more and more people, and a group of us wanted to create something more stable. In , we founded the P2P Foundation. We worked in relative obscurity until , when we were invited to do a commons transition project for the Ecuadorian government and people started taking us more seriously.

PJ: Capitalism has an amazing ability to appropriate its own alternatives see Dean et al. How do you negotiate this dynamic between commoning and capitalism? MB: Feudalism was based on productivity of the land. Also, it was an ethical system that extended beyond property: a relationship between the lord and the subjects included a set of non-proprietary rights and obligations.

In the eleventh century, the merchant guilds started working with money. Capitalism changed the feudal system from inside out. So how can commoners change capitalism in the same way? Situated within capitalism, the commons bring about a new value regime. Marx claimed that surplus value comes from exploiting the labour force; Proudhon argued that surplus value comes from scaling up cooperation. These days we move from Marxist capitalism, where companies hire workers and then get the surplus value, to a Proudhonian capitalism, where citizen cooperation is the source of productivity.

This is the business model of Uber, Airbnb, Google, Facebook, and others — they bring us together, and then they extract surplus value from our cooperation. They do not hire us, and our surplus value is not attached to our time at a workplace. Instead, they extract value from the free exchange and communication between workers.

This is how the commons are currently co-opted within the capitalist system. We need to think about reverse co-optation. How are we going to use the market, and the state, in ways that generate value for the commons and commoners? Capitalism is a translation of commons into capital; we need to translate capital into commons. My work pragmatically examines what the communities are doing to achieve this.

PJ: These days, a popular way of dealing with the dynamic between commoning and capitalism is blockchain technology Ralston MB: Blockchain people have created a system based on community and open source, where they see themselves most often as little capitalists who identify with libertarianism.

Yet, they do not live from capital — they live from their work as coders, developers, and so on. These workers are essential to the technical reproduction of capitalism, are highly skilled, and that gives them a vital role in the current system. That makes them a labour aristocracy of well-paid technical workers. For example, tokenization opens up funding to everyone.

Banks and venture capitalists can buy tokens or micro shares, but they cannot dominate the marketplace, because they do not have any power over the ecosystem. Blockchain is maintained by people who want to work open source and make a living. Classical open source implies a lot of unpaid work, so blockchain is a form of class struggle where workers looking out for their own interests have found a way to hack the capitalist system.

The bitcoin, which is designed as a commodity currency, works entirely within the capitalist framework. It may even overtake gold as a primary reserve value! Hedge funders and banks are buying bitcoins, and this feeds the bitcoin community. So I believe that we are moving towards a post-capitalist system that will still have markets, but can be called social-ist as Erik Olin Wright defined it: a society defined by its social priorities, not by the private for-profit goals of exclusive owners.

Here in Chiang Mai, Thailand, we have 25, developers and remote workers who fund themselves and their projects in this way. So what does this have to do with the commons? Blockchain is a commons, bitcoin code is a commons, and there is an enormous amount of community dynamic. It is a capitalist system, but not a corporate system — it is a system based on contributions. MB: There are many emerging types of post-corporate entities.

Enspiral, which is a New Zealand based co-operative, 7 consists of circa 40 different social entrepreneurs working on different projects. When they get external investment money, they keep it apart from their internal structure.

For instance, they received a one-million-dollar investment for their open source decision-making system Loomio, 8 and the investor did not have any direct power over its expenditure. In this way, they protect their mission-driven, purpose-driven entity against capital. Developed by Dmitry Kleiner , the idea of transvestment captures the idea of using capital to develop commons and finding market mechanisms to maintain commons.

I do not have the recipe for the social transformation to commoning, just as fifteenth century people living in feudalism did not have a recipe for getting to eighteenth century capitalism.

People continuously adapt to their situation, and I observe these adaptations. PJ: Does that mean that your work aims at reaching beyond ideology? Does it even matter whether commoning will lead towards a socialist or capitalist future? MB: We need to distinguish the market from capital. Capitalism is a particular kind of market, geared towards capital accumulation that does not take into account any externalities. But there are many other forms of market. For instance, generative markets, such as those researched by the Radical Xchange project, 9 use market mechanisms for social equity.

In that sense, my work is not ideological. I just examine what happens and whether it works or not. I am looking at seed forms, which will develop into subsystems and then into larger systems, which will eventually bring about large-scale conflict between different social logics. But we are not there yet. What is P2P accounting and how does it differ from traditional accounting?

On the one side, were Friedrich Hayek, Joseph Schumpeter, Ludwig von Mises, and others, who argued that centralised planning could not work. On the opposite side, were Karl Polanyi, and others, who claimed that socialist planning could work and in ways superior to capitalism.

For almost one century it seemed that the leftists had lost the socialist calculation debate. These days, however, things are changing. There are three main levels of resource allocation. We now have distributed ledgers 10 so that we can move from sharing code and knowledge to sharing transaction data, shared accounting, shared logistics, and so on.

We are moving from the Internet of Communications to the Internet of Transactions which enables the development of collaborative open ecosystems consisting of networks of producers. I think this is a very important shift. MB: Thermodynamic accounting is the ability to see flows of matter and energy and have them integrated into your accounting system.

This implies that we can create our own data commons, data trusts, data co-ops, and so on. PJ: This is bound to be based on heaps of potentially sensitive data!

Blockchain Startups and Projects in Alignment with the United Nations SDGs (Part 1)

Coinbase is one of the largest US based Bitcoin payment processors. BitPay may be the largest Bitcoin payment processor. Bitcoin Tax Calculator. Do I have to pay tax on winnings from cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin? More info about the calculation. Crypto portfolio management.

Community Groups

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Fab City Prototype: Designing and Making for the Real World

A similarly intentioned list compiled by Joseph S. Also see this more recent article by Connor, bringing forward Hylo, Metamaps and Loomio :. Ceptr is a new distributed computing platform for semantic self-describing data and protocols. Here you will find the API and technical documentation for the ceptr codebase.

The Seeds of The Commons: Peer-to-Peer Alternatives for Planetary Survival and Justice

Either your web browser doesn't support Javascript or it is currently turned off. In the latter case, please turn on Javascript support in your web browser and reload this page. Michel Bauwens 1 is the founder of the Foundation for Peer-to-Peer Alternatives 2 and works in collaboration with a global group of researchers in the exploration of peer production, governance, and property. He co-produced the 3-hour TV documentary TechnoCalyps with Frank Theys and co-edited the two-volume book on anthropology of digital society with Salvino Salvaggio. He has written editorials for Al Jazeera English and other media outlets.

Francis Chlarie

SlideShare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. See our Privacy Policy and User Agreement for details. Create your free account to read unlimited documents. Some parts of the sharing economy are highly centralized, venture funded entities, which socialize the risk and privatize the profits.

Bitcoin profit calculator Calculate taxes on ...

Recently, I moved my writings mostly on medium. You can check my profile here, most of things I write are featured on the publication Stories of Platform Design, the publication related to Platform Design Toolkit development. Maybe at some point.

We need to rebuild the openbadges infrastructure around the blockchain. What makes the blockchain so revolutionary is that the information on it is shared by everyone on the network using the Bitcoin software. The ledger acts as a kind of permanent record maintained by a vast distributed peer network, which makes it far more secure than data kept at a centralized location. This system of consensus by distributed co-operation sounds complicated, but it allows something of value to be transferred from one person to another without a middleman to verify the transaction. Fans think this is a way of changing the centralised, institution-dominated shape of modern finance. It is genuinely new.

Blockchain 3. Public versus private blockchains : Part 1, Permissioned blockchains. White paper. Public versus private blockchains : Part 2, Permissionless blockchains. Blockchain Basics different types of blockchains can be seen as a conceptual advancement as they have an impact on major characteristics of the blockchain such as its purpose, distributed nature, and architecture. Privacy The openness of public blockchains has already been the subject of discussions and further development since it conflicts with the level of privacy required in some application contexts. By the end of Step 23, you will understand why the original idea of the blockchain as explained in the previous steps may not be suitable for large-scale commercial applications, what changes were made to overcome these limitations, and how these changes altered the properties of the blockchain.

More information. Goal: Understand the impact of digital transformation on organizations. Goal: Learn about digital business opportunities. This Business Game training aims to bring a whole transformation team on board for in-company deployments of the MOOC.